Medicine
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Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder associated with significant neurocognitive and behavioral impairments. Recent studies have highlighted the role of gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in influencing cognitive health in children with OSA. This narrative review aims to summarize current knowledge on the relationship between gut microbiota, MGBA, and cognitive function in pediatric OSA. ⋯ MGBA mechanisms, such as endocrine, immune, and neural pathways, link gut microbiota to cognitive outcomes. Artificial intelligence and machine learning methodologies offer promising tools to uncover microbial markers and mechanisms associated with cognitive deficits in OSA. Future research should focus on validating these findings through clinical trials and developing personalized therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota.
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Review Case Reports
Giant cell tumor of proximal femur managed by extended curettage with fibular strut allograft using long intramedullary interlocking nail: A case report and literature review.
We first report a unique case of proximal femoral Giant cell tumor of bone, a subtrochanteric lesion associated with femoral neck and intertrochanteric involvement. We chose a completely new surgical approach to treat the primary tumor and preserve the hip joint. No cases of this type have ever been reported. ⋯ For young patients with imaging grade <3 who need limb salvage, fibular strut allograft and intramedullary nail-fixation are also an alternative treatment option for hip reconstruction after tumor surgery when the lesion involves the entire proximal femur.
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This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research advancements in sacroiliac joint reduction therapy for addressing lumbosacral pain and gait balance issues, delving into its application efficacy, future outlook, and existing challenges. Current literatures were searched on sacroiliac joint reduction therapy, lumbosacral pain and gait balance disorders using the databases PubMed and Cochrane. There were no restrictions when conducting the literature search with regard to publication date, study language, or study type. ⋯ Future research avenues should prioritize the development of precise diagnostic tools and standardized treatment protocols to enhance the efficacy and safety of sacroiliac joint reduction therapy. Moreover, interdisciplinary collaboration is paramount, leveraging the expertise of physical therapists, rehabilitation specialists, and spine surgeons to offer comprehensive treatment solutions. Sacroiliac joint reduction therapy emerges as a compelling therapeutic option for individuals grappling with lumbosacral pain and gait instability, showcasing significant clinical potential and promising future prospects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Advantages of using touch-controlled, minimally invasive implantation technique on soft tissue in the aesthetic zone of maxillary anterior teeth.
Endosseous implant is an ideal treatment option for the treatment of denture defects and omissions. However, how to maintain the perfect gum contour of patients has been an important research topic for stomatologists and has attracted much attention. The objective of this study was to explore the advantages of minimally invasive touch-controlled implantation in maintaining soft tissue morphology in the aesthetic area of maxillary anterior teeth. ⋯ The H values (the distance from the labial edge of the implant healing cap to the lowest gingival margin), 6 weeks after surgery, of 2 groups were 2.69 and 3.05, respectively, P = .023. There was a significant difference in patient satisfaction between 2 groups 24 hours after surgery (P < .001). Touch-controlled minimally invasive implantation has shorter operative time and lesser bleeding, postoperative pain, and gingival recession than traditional flap implantation, which is conducive to the preservation of gingival shape.
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Observational Study
Surgery for colorectal cancer in people aged 80 years or older - complications, risks, and outcomes.
The number of older adult patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is steadily increasing with the increasing aging population. However, healthcare professionals continue to approach treatment in older adult patients while considering the potential coexistence of complications relative to their age. There is a tendency to define and limit treatment options for managing "older adult patients" at relatively younger ages. ⋯ Among patients requiring emergency surgery, the older adult group demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of emergency surgeries and complications associated with regular surgeries compared with the younger group. In older adult patients, the risk of postoperative complications should not be determined solely based on age; a comprehensive assessment is necessary. However, in the case of emergency surgery, older adult patients may be relatively vulnerable compared with younger patients.