Medicine
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Observational Study
Prevalence and risk factors of cognitive frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.
The prevalence of the cognitive frailty is increasing in China. Screening for this condition is crucial for its early detection, prevention, and treatment. This study was designed to explore the incidence of cognitive frailty among hospitalized elderly patients suffering from cardiovascular disease. ⋯ In terms of specific cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of cognitive frailty was 28.5% in coronary heart disease, 20.5% in arrhythmia, 36.8% in valvular disease, 53% in heart failure, and 13.7% in hypertension. The multivariable analysis showed that age (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.15, P < .001), anxiety (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11, P = .001), female sex (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16, P < .001), education level (college and above, OR = 0.27, OR = 0.12-0.64, P = .003), polypharmacy (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.62-3.23, P < .001), comorbidity (OR = 1.93 95% CI: 1.37-2.71, P < .010), region (rural, OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.36-2.30, P < .001), sarcopenia (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.16-2.19, P = .004), and nutritional status (risk of malnutrition, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17-2.35, P = .004; malnutrition exists, OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.85-5.83, P < .001) were independently associated with cognitive frailty. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 33.9% in hospitalized elderly cardiovascular patients in Guangzhou. heart failure, hypertension, age, anxiety, female sex, education level, polypharmacy, comorbidity, region, sarcopenia, and nutritional status were independent risk factors for cognitive frailty.
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Autophagy is a cellular process in which damaged organelles or unnecessary proteins are encapsulated into double-membrane structures and transported to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy plays a crucial role in various liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aims to elucidate the role of autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through bibliometric analysis. ⋯ Research on autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is still in its early stages, with a growing body of literature. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis, synthesizing research trends and advancements. It identifies current development trends, global cooperation models, foundational knowledge, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers in the field.
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Orthognathic surgery cases are inherently challenging to treat with lingual appliances due to the complexities of orthodontic management and difficulties in achieving intermaxillary fixation during surgery. This challenge is further amplified in cases involving asymmetric space closure, such as those with a missing molar on one side and a premolar on the other, a scenario not yet documented in the literature. This case report presents the orthodontic-orthognathic management of an adult patient requiring space closure of asymmetric missing lower teeth. ⋯ The combination of mini-screws and lingual appliances may offer effective anchorage management in both presurgical and postsurgical orthodontic stages for optimal orthodontic-orthognathic treatment outcomes. This approach allows for precise tooth movement and control during space closure in the presence of challenging asymmetric missing tooth patterns.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used to treat cancer patients. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a high expression level of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) could benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy. However, treating NSCLC patients with PD-L1 negative is still a clinical challenge. The utilization of new-type tumor markers as predictive indicators of therapeutic efficacy, with the aim of guiding clinical medication strategies, has emerged as a paramount focus of clinical investigation and interest. ⋯ A comprehensive evaluation of multiple tumor biomarkers should be considered in NSCLC patients. Pembrolizumab monotherapy could benefit NSCLC patients with negative driver genes, PD-L1 negative, a high tumor mutational burden, and positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Observational Study
Lactate, lactate clearance, and lactate-to-albumin ratio in predicting mortality in patients with critical polytrauma: A retrospective observational study.
Lactate is a product of anaerobic metabolism used to determine prognosis in critically ill trauma patients. This study investigates the mortality-predictive performance of lactate, lactate clearance, and lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) on admission in patients with polytrauma in a tertiary center's intensive care unit (ICU). Polytrauma patients in the ICU between June 2019 and June 2022 were evaluated. ⋯ In receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the cutoff value of lactate was ≥5.4, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.84), the cutoff value of lactate clearance was ≤39.2, AUC was 0.60, (95% CI, 0.51-0.69), and the cutoff value of LAR was value ≥1.50, AUC 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.90). In critically ill polytrauma patients, LAR on ICU admission is an independent predictor of mortality and has acceptable prognostic value. LAR is superior to lactate and 24-hour lactate clearance in predicting mortality.