Medicine
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Observational studies have reported an association between Vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of bronchiectasis. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Vitamin D levels and bronchiectasis using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Data from 2 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on European ancestry were analyzed: serum vitamin D levels (sample size = 441,291 [UK Biobank]) and bronchiectasis (sample size = 187,830 [cases = 1107, controls = 186,723; FinnGen]). ⋯ Additionally, no evidence supported the causal effects of bronchiectasis on serum vitamin D levels (β = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.007 to 0.003; P = .463). Our study found no significant causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and bronchiectasis, in either direction. A larger sample-sized randomized controlled trial (RCT) is needed to further investigate this potential causal relationship.
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This research aims to enhance our comprehensive understanding of the influence of type-2 diabetes on the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk, its underlying determinants, and to construct precise predictive models capable of accurately assessing CVD risk within the context of Bangladesh. This study combined data from the 2011 and 2017 to 2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, focusing on individuals with hypertension. CVD development followed World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. ⋯ Also, "normal weight" (AOR = 1.489, P < .01) and "overweight/obese" (AOR = 1.871, P < .01) individuals exhibit higher CVD risk than "underweight" individuals. The predictive models achieve impressive performance, with 75.21% accuracy and an 80.79% AUC, with Random Forest (RF) excelling in specificity at 76.96%. This research holds practical implications for targeted interventions based on identified significant factors, utilizing ML models for early detection and risk assessment, enhancing awareness and education, addressing urbanization-related lifestyle changes, improving healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, and implementing workplace interventions to mitigate stress and promote physical activity.
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Traditional observational studies have shown that fatty acids and gut microbiota are crucial in osteoarthritis (OA) progression, but their findings are often conflicting due to biases, confounding factors, and measurement errors. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-wide association study data on fatty acids from 136,016 individuals, the gut microbiota from 7738 individuals, and osteoarthritis from 314,870 individuals. ⋯ Conversely, Oscillibacter (OR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.00-1.34; P = .043), Bilophila (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.07-1.54; P = .007), Erysipelotrichaceae (OR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.00-1.16; P = .044), and Bilophila within the Desulfovibrionaceae family (OR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36; P = .012) were associated with an increased risk of OA. The findings indicate that modulating dietary factors and gut microbiota can independently reduce the risk and progression of OA, potentially improving the quality of life and health management in aging populations.
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Observational Study
Exploring the value and optimizing strategies of CA125, CA199, CEA, AFP, and PT in predicting adenomatous gastrointestinal polyps in elderly male patients.
This study explores the application of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis of adenomatous polyps and evaluates the effectiveness of different markers and their combined diagnosis in adenomatous polyp detection. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, this study assessed the efficacy of serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), and prothrombin time (PT) in diagnosing adenomatous polyps in 90 patients. The study also compared the diagnostic accuracy of individual tests versus combined diagnostic approaches and analyzed the impact of polyp size and number on the levels of these markers. ⋯ This study demonstrates that combined diagnostic strategies have significant advantages in diagnosing adenomatous polyps, providing more accurate and comprehensive diagnostic information. Furthermore, the impact of polyp size and number on serum biomarker levels suggests that these clinical factors should be considered in clinical assessments. These findings offer new perspectives and approaches for the diagnosis of adenomatous polyps.
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The objective was to clarify the feasibility and clinical effect of 3D-printed external cranial protection devices (ECPD) in preventing complications following unilateral supratentorial decompressive craniectomy (DC). A retrospective cohort study was conducted on post-DC patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the experimental group, head computed tomography data were collected after DC, and the ECPD were 3D-printed with photosensitive resin materials, and fixed to the bone window defect for continuous wear. ⋯ The 2 groups had no significant differences in modified Rankin Scale scores after cranioplasty. The clinical use of the 3D-printed ECPD is safe and reliable, effectively reducing the incidence of complications following DC, particularly in the prevention and treatment of subdural effusion. However, it does not significantly improve the prognosis of patients after DC, warranting further research.