Medicine
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Review Case Reports
Pleomorphic adenoma of hard palate: Review of updated literature and "case report".
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a rare benign tumor mainly affecting the major salivary glands, known for its diverse histological appearances that can mimic malignancies. When it occurs in the hard palate it present diagnostic and management challenges compared to other sites due to the anatomical location and potential proximity to critical structures. This case reports a rare presentation PA starting as an ulcer, alongside a review of rare cases of PA reported in last 5 years. We aim to highlight clinical challenges and emphasize the need for awareness in diagnosis of this diverse entity amongst the clinicians before reaching a definitive conclusion. ⋯ The diagnosis of PA is difficult as it usually involves extensive squamous and mucous metaplasia, confusing it with malignant disorders. Histopathological and clinical examinations are important for differentiating this lesion from other tumors. Complete surgical excision is reported as the first line of treatment.
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Review Case Reports
Clinical and genetic features of Fanconi anemia associated with a variant of FANCA gene: Case report and literature review.
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the genes involved in the DNA damage repair pathway. The FANCA gene is the most commonly pathogenic gene, accounting for more than 60% of all causative genes. ⋯ The discovery of new mutations in the FANCA gene enriches the genetic profile of FA and helps clinicians to further understand this disease and guide genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Whole-exome sequencing is a powerful tool for diagnosing FA.
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KRAS mutations play a critical role in the development and progression of several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, the management of KRAS-mutant tumors remains challenging. This study leverages bibliometric analysis and a comprehensive review of clinical trials to identify emerging immunotherapies and potential treatments for KRAS-related cancers. ⋯ ICBs, particularly in combination therapies, stand out in managing KRAS-mutant tumors. Identifying the tumor microenvironment and gene co-mutation profiles as key research areas, our findings advocate for multidisciplinary approaches to advance personalized cancer treatment. Future research should integrate genetic, immunological, and computational studies to unveil new therapeutic targets and refine treatment strategies for KRAS-mutant cancers.
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Postoperative clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus for patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: Conization versus hysterectomy.
To compare the clearance rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) after 2 different treatments (conization vs hysterectomy), and investigate the influencing factors. A retrospective cohort was established in HSIL patients with HR-HPV infection treated with conization or hysterectomy from July 2020 to May 2022. Age matching (1:1) was conducted between conization group and hysterectomy group. ⋯ Considering different age groups among all patients, the HR-HPV clearance rates were 81.8%, 72.9%, 73.5%, and 53.6% in the 20 to 30-year, 31 to 40-year, 41 to 50-year and 51 to 60-year groups at 6 months, respectively, and the clearance rates were 87.5%, 80.6%, 84.5% and 52.9% at 12 months, respectively. For HSIL, the postoperative HPV clearance rates were similar between the 2 groups (conization vs hysterectomy), conization is enough to resect the lesion and eliminate HPV. In addition, we should pay attention to the postoperative HR-HPV status in the older population of the 2 groups.
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The purpose was to evaluate the pathological nature of focal thyroid uptake seen in 11C-Choline PET/CT performed for prostate cancer. ⋯ In this retrospective study of patients with prostate cancer who underwent 11C-Choline PET/CT, we identified a group of patients who underwent thyroid ultrasound for incidental finding of focal 11C-Choline thyroid uptake. Incidence of malignancy in this group was 12%. Therefore, further investigation with ultrasound and possibly ultrasound-guided biopsy may be warranted when a choline avid thyroid nodule is found incidentally on choline PET.