JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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To test the hypothesis that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) prevents the collapse of a given lung region when it is equal to or greater than the hydrostatic pressure superimposed (SPL) to that region. ⋯ The increased SPL causes compression atelectasis; this is prevented when PEEP to a given lung region is equal to or greater than the SPL.
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Biography Historical Article
Fraternity hazing revisited through a drawing by George Bellows.
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The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an acute illness characterized by generalized activation of the endothelium. The most severe form of the syndrome is found in patients with shock due to gram-negative sepsis. We examined both animal and limited human data for the contribution of cytokines to this syndrome. ⋯ Preliminary clinical studies suggest that blockade may be useful in treating human SIRS. The various strategies for blocking IL-1 and TNF are presented; in addition, their mechanism(s) of action and safety in humans are discussed. We conclude that based on animal studies and preliminary clinical trials, strategies to block IL-1 or TNF may benefit patients with the syndrome, although thorough clinical trials have not been completed.