The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
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Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Nov 2021
Racial/ethnic group comparisons of quit ratios and prevalences of cessation-related factors among adults who smoke with a quit attempt.
Smoking-related disparities exist among racial/ethnic minoritized groups. ⋯ All racial/ethnic groups would benefit from policies and programs that increase cessation medications and counseling. Quit ratios were particularly low among Black/AA and AI/AN adults. Black/AA adults may benefit from efforts to increase smoking bans, while AI/AN adults may benefit from cessation approaches that simultaneously target sleep and mental health.
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Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · May 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialAdd-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone maintenance therapy.
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows potential therapeutic effects for individuals with addiction, but few studies have examined individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Objectives: We conducted an add-on double-blinded, sham-controlled rTMS feasibility pilot trial to examine OUD participants undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). The current report focused on the effects of rTMS on (1) craving and heroin use behavior and (2) depression, impulsivity, and attention. ⋯ After 12 weeks of follow-up, the active rTMS group did not show significantly greater improvements than the sham group with respect to craving, heroin use, or urine morphine test results. However, HDRS scores, BIS-11 attentional subscales, and CPTs commission T-scores (C-TS) were significantly lower in the active rTMS group (P = .003, 0.04, and 0.02, respectively) than in the sham group. Conclusion: Add-on rTMS did not appear to improve heroin use behavior but may have benefitted depressive symptoms, impulse control and attention in OUD participants undergoing MMT.
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Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Mar 2021
ReviewTranscranial magnetic stimulation and neuroimaging for cocaine use disorder: Review and future directions.
Background: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a public health problem with limited treatment options and a significant relapse rate. Neuroimaging studies have identified abnormal functional connectivity in individuals with substance use disorders. Neuromodulation has been proposed to target this altered neurocircuitry. ⋯ Conclusion: The literature combining TMS with neuroimaging is small and heterogeneous. We propose that combining TMS with neuroimaging will accelerate our understanding of substance use disorder neurobiology and treatment. Once network biomarkers of substance use have been identified, TMS can be used to manipulate the dysfunctional circuits in order to identify a causal relationship between connectivity and psychopathology.
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Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Jan 2021
Longer time spent at home during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with binge drinking among US adults.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced and exacerbated stressors (e.g., job loss, poor mental health) for adults across the United States (US) since the first statewide shelter-in-place order on March 19, 2020. Limited research has evaluated if, and how, pandemic-related stressors are associated with changes in alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Objectives: This analysis aims to identify COVID-19-related stressors associated with changes in alcohol consumption and binge drinking since the outbreak of the coronavirus. ⋯ Additionally, binge drinkers with a previous diagnosis of depression and current depression symptoms had greater odds of increased alcohol consumption compared to those reporting no depression (AOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.73). Conclusion: Specific COVID-19-related stressors are related to alcohol consumption. This highlights the ancillary and unintended effects of the COVID-19 pandemic which could have long-lasting population health consequences.
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Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Nov 2020
Beliefs about medications for opioid use disorder among Florida criminal problem-solving court & dependency court staff.
Criminal problem-solving and dependency (child/dependent) court staff refer clients with opioid use disorder (OUD) to treatment and set treatment policies. Negative beliefs regarding the safety and efficacy of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) have previously been reported in court staff. MOUD is superior to other OUD interventions, is severely underutilized, and is highly effective even in the absence of behavioral treatment. ⋯ Court staff need education about MOUD efficacy. Policymakers should prohibit courts from banning MOUD and from preventing child reunification for parents utilizing MOUD.