Physical therapy
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Blood flow changes in the trapezius muscle and overlying skin following transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Various researchers have studied the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TENS on local blood flow in the trapezius muscle and overlying skin. ⋯ Muscle contractions induced by motor-level 2-Hz TENS appear to be a prerequisite for increasing blood flow in the trapezius muscle. However, high stimulation intensity may prevent increased blood flow in the overlying skin.
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Comparative Study
Plantar fasciitis: are pain and fascial thickness associated with arch shape and loading?
Although plantar fascial thickening is a sonographic criterion for the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis, the effect of local loading and structural factors on fascial morphology are unknown. The purposes of this study were to compare sonographic measures of fascial thickness and radiographic measures of arch shape and regional loading of the foot during gait in individuals with and without unilateral plantar fasciitis and to investigate potential relationships between these loading and structural factors and the morphology of the plantar fascia in individuals with and without heel pain. ⋯ The findings indicate that fascial thickness and pain in plantar fasciitis are associated with the regional loading and static shape of the arch.