Physical therapy
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effectiveness of an extension-oriented treatment approach in a subgroup of subjects with low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.
The purpose of this multicenter randomized clinical trial was to examine the effectiveness of an extension-oriented treatment approach (EOTA) in a subgroup of subjects with low back pain (LBP) who were hypothesized to benefit from the treatment compared with similar subjects who received a lumbar spine strengthening exercise program. ⋯ An EOTA was more effective than trunk strengthening exercise in a subgroup of subjects hypothesized to benefit from this treatment approach. Additional research is needed to explore whether an EOTA may benefit other subgroups of patients.
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Multicenter Study
Predictors of short-term outcome in people with a clinical diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy.
The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to identify whether variables from the baseline examination or physical therapy interventions received could predict clinical outcomes for people with cervical radiculopathy. ⋯ These results suggest that a subset of predictor variables can accurately identify which people with cervical radiculopathy are likely to experience short-term successful outcomes. The study design did not allow for the identification of a cause-and-effect relationship, but it appears that intermittent cervical traction, manual therapy, and deep neck flexor muscle strengthening may be beneficial in the management of cervical radiculopathy. Future research is needed to substantiate these findings.
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The lumbar zygapophyseal joints (LZJs) are thought to be a source of low back pain (LBP); however, no valid or reliable indicators exist. The purpose of this study was to obtain a consensus from an expert panel on the indicators of LZJ pain. ⋯ This Delphi survey identified 12 indicators of LZJ pain, each with an associated pathoanatomical mechanism justifying selection. This survey provides preliminary validation for these indicators, which will be of value in further research into the classification and treatment of LZJ pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Blood flow changes in the trapezius muscle and overlying skin following transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Various researchers have studied the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TENS on local blood flow in the trapezius muscle and overlying skin. ⋯ Muscle contractions induced by motor-level 2-Hz TENS appear to be a prerequisite for increasing blood flow in the trapezius muscle. However, high stimulation intensity may prevent increased blood flow in the overlying skin.