The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
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Debilitating chronic nonmalignant pain is often managed using opioid medications. However, with increased use of this drug class comes concern about adverse effects on patients' endocrine function. ⋯ In addition, the authors describe symptomology for opioid-induced endocrinopathy as well as diagnostic testing options. Treatment modalities for those afflicted with this condition are also described.
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J Am Osteopath Assoc · Jan 2009
ReviewAcute kidney injury: new concepts in definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly recognized in all fields of medical practice. Unfortunately, this syndrome has been plagued by inconsistent definitions, simplistic pathophysiologic schemas, and insensitive diagnostic tools. ⋯ Prompt recognition and treatment of AKI remain the cornerstone of clinical management for this high-mortality, high-cost syndrome. The authors provide the most recent updates in the definition, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options for patients with AKI, providing a stepwise approach to clinical evaluation for use in all fields of medical practice.