Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2006
Cholesterol-lowering drugs and colorectal cancer incidence in a large United States cohort.
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, account for most cholesterol-lowering drug use in the United States. A recent large case-control study reported that use of statins for more than 5 years was associated with a 47% reduction in risk of colorectal cancer. No other large studies have examined this association. ⋯ Current use of cholesterol-lowering drugs for 5 years or more was also not associated with colorectal cancer incidence (multivariable adjusted RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.43). Our results do not support the hypothesis that statin use strongly reduces risk of colorectal cancer. However, we cannot rule out a small reduction in risk or an effect associated with only specific types or doses of statins.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2006
Effect of chemotherapy-induced DNA repair on oncolytic herpes simplex viral replication.
Gliomas treated with the alkylating agent temozolomide have incomplete responses in part because of tumoral repair of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Data from phase I trials suggest that G207, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) with mutated ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and gamma34.5 genes, is safe but needs greater viral oncolysis to be effective. We hypothesized that temozolomide and G207 treatment limitations could be jointly addressed using temozolomide-induced tumor-protective DNA repair pathways to enhance viral replication. ⋯ Temozolomide-induced DNA repair pathways vary with MGMT expression and enhance HSV-mediated oncolysis in glioma cells. These findings unveil the potential of HSV to target cells surviving temozolomide treatment.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Dec 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyBaseline chest radiograph for lung cancer detection in the randomized Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial was initiated in 1992 to examine cause-specific mortality reduction from screening for these four cancers in men and women. We report lung cancer detection results of the baseline screening round. ⋯ In the baseline screen, nearly half the cancers were stage I. Whether this experience results in a reduction in lung cancer mortality is yet to be seen.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Dec 2005
In vitro sensitivity to ultraviolet B light and skin cancer risk: a case-control analysis.
Mutagen sensitivity, measured as mutagen-induced chromatid breaks per cell in primary lymphocytes in vitro, has been used to study susceptibility to various epithelial cancers. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are highly sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light due to inherited defects in DNA repair and have a 1000-fold higher risk of UV-induced skin cancer than the general population. However, an association between UV-induced chromosomal aberrations and risk of skin cancer in the general population has not been established. ⋯ UVB-induced mutagen sensitivity may play a role in susceptibility to NMSC but not to CMM.