Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Mar 2020
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEffectiveness and Cost of Organized Outreach for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains underused, especially in safety-net systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness, costs, and cost-effectiveness of organized outreach using fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) compared with usual care. ⋯ Population-based management with organized FIT outreach statistically significantly increased CRC screening and was cost-effective in a safety-net system. The sustainability of the program and any impact of economies of scale remain to be determined.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Mar 2020
Multicenter StudyEvaluating Screening Participation, Follow-up, and Outcomes for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer in the PROSPR Consortium.
Cancer screening is a complex process encompassing risk assessment, the initial screening examination, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of cancer precursors or early cancers. Metrics that enable comparisons across different screening targets are needed. We present population-based screening metrics for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers for nine sites participating in the Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens consortium. ⋯ Comprehensive assessment of metrics by the Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens consortium enabled systematic identification of screening process steps in need of improvement. We encourage widespread use of common metrics to allow interventions to be tested across cancer types and health-care settings.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyOptimal Duration of Extended Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Early Breast Cancer; Results of the IDEAL Trial (BOOG 2006-05).
The optimal duration of extended endocrine therapy beyond five years after initial aromatase inhibitor-based adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is still unknown. Therefore, we conducted a clinical trial to compare two different extended endocrine therapy durations. ⋯ This study showed no superiority of five years over 2.5 years of extended adjuvant letrozole after an initial five years of adjuvant endocrine therapy.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2018
Multicenter StudyThe Balance Between Cytotoxic T-cell Lymphocytes and Immune Checkpoint Expression in the Prognosis of Colon Tumors.
Immune checkpoint (ICK) expression might represent a surrogate measure of tumor-infiltrating T cell (CTL) exhaustion and therefore be a more accurate prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients than CTL enumeration as measured by the Immunoscore. ⋯ ICK expression cancels the prognostic relevance of CTLs in highly immunogenic colon tumors and predicts a poor outcome in MSI CRC patients.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jul 2017
Multicenter StudyShared Gene Expression Alterations in Nasal and Bronchial Epithelium for Lung Cancer Detection.
We previously derived and validated a bronchial epithelial gene expression biomarker to detect lung cancer in current and former smokers. Given that bronchial and nasal epithelial gene expression are similarly altered by cigarette smoke exposure, we sought to determine if cancer-associated gene expression might also be detectable in the more readily accessible nasal epithelium. ⋯ These results support that the airway epithelial field of lung cancer-associated injury in ever smokers extends to the nose and demonstrates the potential of using nasal gene expression as a noninvasive biomarker for lung cancer detection.