Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jun 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialLong-term efficacy of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
In a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, zoledronic acid (4 mg via a 15-minute infusion every 3 weeks for 15 months) reduced the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs) in men with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Among 122 patients who completed a total of 24 months on study, fewer patients in the 4-mg zoledronic acid group than in the placebo group had at least one SRE (38% versus 49%, difference = -11.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -20.2% to -1.3%; P =.028), and the annual incidence of SREs was 0.77 for the 4-mg zoledronic acid group versus 1.47 for the placebo group (P=.005). ⋯ Patients in the 4-mg zoledronic acid group had a lower incidence of SREs than did patients in the placebo group, regardless of whether they had an SRE prior to entry in the study. Long-term treatment with 4 mg of zoledronic acid is safe and provides sustained clinical benefits for men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jun 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEvaluation of carcinogen exposure in people who used "reduced exposure" tobacco products.
Although tobacco products with reportedly reduced carcinogen content are being marketed, carcinogen uptake in people who use these products has not been assessed systematically. ⋯ Switching to reduced-exposure tobacco products or medicinal nicotine can decrease levels of tobacco-associated carcinogens, with greater reductions being observed with medicinal nicotine. Medicinal nicotine is a safer alternative than modified tobacco products.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · May 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialRandomized trial of intraportal and/or systemic adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon carcinoma.
5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of colon cancer is standard treatment. However, the choice of best delivery route--that is, systemic (i.e., intravenous or oral) or regional (i.e., intraportal, intraperitoneal, or hepatic arterial infusion)--has been controversial. In a randomized clinical trial of patients with colon cancer, we compared the benefits of chemotherapy delivered by these routes individually or in combination. ⋯ Overall and event-free survival rates were similar in all three arms. The combined regimen was no better than either single regimen alone.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · May 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomized trial of direct mailing of fecal occult blood tests to increase colorectal cancer screening.
Although colorectal cancer screening by using a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or barium enema x-ray reduces the incidence of and death from colorectal cancer, the rate of colorectal cancer screening in the general population is low. We conducted a randomized trial consisting of direct mailing of FOBT kits to increase colorectal cancer screening among residents of Wright County, Minnesota, a community in which colorectal cancer screening was promoted. ⋯ Direct mailing of FOBT kits combined with follow-up reminders promotes more rapid increases in the use of FOBT and nearly doubles the increase in overall rate of adherence to colorectal cancer screening guidelines in a general population compared with a community-wide screening promotion and awareness campaign.