Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Nov 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialTamoxifen and chemotherapy for lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
The B-20 study of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) was conducted to determine whether chemotherapy plus tamoxifen would be of greater benefit than tamoxifen alone in the treatment of patients with axillary lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. ⋯ Findings from this and other NSABP studies indicate that patients with breast cancer who meet NSABP protocol criteria, regardless of age, lymph node status, tumor size, or estrogen receptor status, are candidates for chemotherapy.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Dec 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialPostchemotherapy adjuvant tamoxifen therapy beyond five years in patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
Data from a pilot study published in 1984 suggested that tamoxifen administration (as adjuvant hormonal therapy) for more than 5 years after initial breast cancer surgery might have therapeutic benefit. ⋯ Our results suggest that further evaluation of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy beyond 5 years in women with axillary lymph node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who have also been treated with adjuvant chemotherapy would be appropriate.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Dec 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialMeasurement error and results from analytic epidemiology: dietary fat and breast cancer.
International correlational analyses have suggested a strong positive association between fat consumption and breast cancer incidence, especially among post-menopausal women. However, case-control studies have been taken to indicate a weaker association, and a recent, pooled cohort analysis reported little evidence of an association. Differences among study results could be due to differences in the populations studied, differences in the control for total energy intake, recall bias in the case-control studies, and dietary measurement error biases. Existing measurement error models assume either that the sample data used to validate dietary self-report instruments are without measurements error or that any such error is independent of both the true dietary exposure and other study subject characteristics. However, growing evidence indicates that total energy and, presumably, both total fat and percent energy from fat are increasingly underreported as percent body fat increases. ⋯ Dietary self-report instruments may be inadequate for analytic epidemiologic studies of dietary fat and disease risk because of measurement error biases.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffectiveness of health education to increase screening for cervical cancer among eastern-band Cherokee Indian women in North Carolina.
The North Carolina Native American Cervical Cancer Prevention Project was a 5-year, National Cancer Institute-funded trial of health education designed to increase screening for cervical cancer among Native-American women in North Carolina. ⋯ Women who received the education program exhibited a greater knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and were more likely to have reported having had a Pap smear within the past year than women who did not receive the program.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialRandomized clinical trial of breast irradiation following lumpectomy and axillary dissection for node-negative breast cancer: an update. Ontario Clinical Oncology Group.
Breast-conservation surgery is now commonly used to treat breast cancer. Postoperative breast irradiation reduces cancer recurrence in the breast. There is still controversy concerning the necessity of irradiation of the breast in all patients. ⋯ Breast irradiation was shown to reduce cancer recurrence in the breast, but there was no statistically significant reduction in mortality. A subgroup of patients with a very low risk for local breast recurrence who might not require radiation therapy was not identified.