Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · May 2018
Relative Performance of HPV and Cytology Components of Cotesting in Cervical Screening.
The main goal of cervical screening programs is to detect and treat precancer before cancer develops. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is more sensitive than cytology for detecting precancer. However, reports of rare HPV-negative, cytology-positive cancers are motivating continued use of both tests (cotesting) despite increased testing costs. ⋯ The added sensitivity of cotesting vs HPV alone for detection of treatable cancer affected extremely few women.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · May 2018
Recent Trends in Chemotherapy Use and Oncologists' Treatment Recommendations for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.
There is growing concern about overtreatment of breast cancer as outcomes have improved over time. However, little is known about how chemotherapy use and oncologists' recommendations have changed in recent years. ⋯ For both node-negative/micrometastasis and node-positive patients, chemotherapy receipt and oncologists' recommendations for chemotherapy declined markedly over time, without substantial change in practice guidelines. Results of ongoing trials will be essential to confirm the quality of this approach to breast cancer care.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Apr 2018
Investigation of the Relationship Between Radiation Dose and Gene Mutations and Fusions in Post-Chernobyl Thyroid Cancer.
Exposure to ionizing radiation during childhood is a well-established risk factor for thyroid cancer. However, the genetic mechanisms of radiation-associated carcinogenesis remain not fully understood. ⋯ Our data provide support for a link between I-131 thyroid dose and generation of carcinogenic gene fusions, the predominant mechanism of thyroid cancer associated with radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Feb 2018
ReviewChemotherapy-Associated Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and survival rates are increasing. Chemotherapy-associated peripheral neuropathy (PN) is clinically important because of effects on quality of life (QOL) and potential effects on dose limitations. This adverse drug reaction is associated with certain classes of chemotherapy and commonly presents as peripheral sensory neuropathy whose natural course is largely unknown. ⋯ Neuropathic symptoms persisted in 11.0% to more than 80% of participants at one to three years following treatment. There is a paucity of data describing persistent PN in ESBC patients. Consistent use of validated measures and well-conducted randomized clinical trials or observational studies are needed to evaluate the incidence, persistence, and QOL associated with the long-term effects of PN.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyOptimal Duration of Extended Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Early Breast Cancer; Results of the IDEAL Trial (BOOG 2006-05).
The optimal duration of extended endocrine therapy beyond five years after initial aromatase inhibitor-based adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is still unknown. Therefore, we conducted a clinical trial to compare two different extended endocrine therapy durations. ⋯ This study showed no superiority of five years over 2.5 years of extended adjuvant letrozole after an initial five years of adjuvant endocrine therapy.