British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Sep 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCan coadministration of oxycodone and morphine produce analgesic synergy in humans? An experimental cold pain study.
The coadministration of subantinociceptive doses of oxycodone with morphine has recently been shown to result in a synergistic antinociceptive effect in rats. The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility that coadministration of morphine and oxycodone can produce a similar synergistic effect in humans exposed to an experimental model of cold pressor test (CPT). ⋯ These results indicate that at the doses tested, morphine and oxycodone do not produce synergistic antinociceptive effects in healthy humans exposed to the CPT.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Sep 2004
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration.
To investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to see if routine measures approximate vancomycin clearance. ⋯ Vancomycin is cleared effectively by CVVHDF. Clearance was faster than other forms of CRRT, therefore doses need to be relatively high. Urea clearance slightly overestimates vancomycin clearance. The administered doses of 750 mg every 12 h were too high and accumulation occurred, as only approximately 60% of a dose was cleared over this period. The maintenance dose required to achieve a target average steady-state plasma concentration of 15 mg l(-1) can be calculated as 450 mg every 12 h.