British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2007
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates and the prediction of adult clearance.
*Effects of size, renal function, age (postnatal age, gestational age and postmenstrual age) as predictors of vancomycin clearance in premature neonates are established, but the relative contribution of each component remains poorly quantified, largely because these variables are closely correlated. *We have quantified the covariates contributing to vancomycin clearance population parameter variability in order to establish the major covariates required for dosing predictions. Size, standardized using allometric models, was the primary covariate used in our analysis. ⋯ Size, renal function and PMA are the major contributors to clearance variability in premature neonates. The small (18%) unexplained variability in clearance suggests target concentration intervention is unnecessary if size, age and renal function are used to predict the dose. Extrapolation to an adult clearance from neonatal data is possible using allometric size models and a function describing clearance maturation.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialComparative bioequivalence study between a novel matrix transdermal delivery system of fentanyl and a commercially available reservoir formulation.
To determine the pharmacokinetics, safety and performance of a novel matrix formulation of fentanyl. ⋯ The two formulations are expected to result in similar efficacy for the management of severe pain.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jan 2007
Effect of ABCB1 (MDR1) haplotypes derived from G2677T/C3435T on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in healthy subjects.
We aimed to investigate the effect of the ABCB1 gene on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine. ⋯ Amlodipine pharmacokinetics was affected by the genetic polymorphisms of the ABCB1 gene in humans. These findings may provide a plausible explanation for interindividual variation in the disposition of amlodipine, although our study could not explain the exact mechanism(s) by which the polymorphic ABCB1 gene paradoxically reduces the plasma levels of amlodipine. Further evaluation is thus warranted.