British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · May 2013
Analgesia and central side-effects: two separate dimensions of morphine response.
To present a statistical model for defining interindividual variation in response to morphine and to use this model in a preliminary hypothesis-generating multivariate genetic association study. ⋯ Although replication is required, this data-driven analysis suggests that pain and central side-effects on morphine may be two separate dimensions of morphine response. Larger study samples are necessary to investigate potential genetic and clinical associations comprehensively.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · May 2013
Pharmacokinetics of 450 mg ropivacaine with and without epinephrine for combined femoral and sciatic nerve block in lower extremity surgery. A pilot study.
No pharmacokinetic data exist on doses of ropivacaine larger than 300 mg for peripheral nerve block in man, although in clinical practice higher doses are frequently used. The purpose of the present study was to describe the pharmacokinetic profile in serum of 450 mg ropivacaine with and without epinephrine in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. ⋯ Free serum concentrations of ropivacaine with and without epinephrine remained well below the assumed threshold of 0.56 μg ml(-1) for systemic toxicity. Changes in pharmacokinetics with epinephrine co-administration did not reach statistical significance.