British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2017
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy of olanzapine for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). ⋯ Olanzapine is an excellent alternative for the prophylaxis of CINV. Olanzapine 5 mg per day should be recommended as the initial dose because of equivalent efficacy to a 10 mg dose but a lower potential risk of side effects. Further studies are needed to explore the optimal combination of medicines.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialRemote ischaemic preconditioning suppresses endogenous plasma nitrite during ischaemia-reperfusion: a randomized controlled crossover pilot study.
The aim of this article is to test the hypothesis that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) increases circulating endogenous local and systemic plasma (nitrite) during RIPC and ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) as a potential protective mechanism against ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). ⋯ RIPC had no effect on plasma (nitrite) during the RIPC sequence, but instead decreased plasma (nitrite) by ~25% during IR. This would likely counteract the protective mechanisms of RIPC, and contribute to RIPC's lack of efficacy, as observed in recent clinical trials. A combined approach of RIPC with nitrite administration may be required.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2017
Investigation of the predictive validity of laser-EPs in normal, UVB-inflamed and capsaicin-irritated skin with four analgesic compounds in healthy volunteers.
The aim of the present study was to assess the predictivity of laser-(radiant-heat)-evoked potentials (LEPs) from the vertex electroencephalogram, using an algesimetric procedure, testing the anti-nociceptive/anti-hyperalgesic effects of single oral doses of four marketed analgesics (of different compound classes) vs. placebo, in healthy volunteers with three skin types. ⋯ LEP algesimetry is sensitive to analgesics with different modes of action and may enable the effects of novel analgesics to be assessed during early clinical development.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jul 2017
Comparative StudySafety profile of the direct oral anticoagulants: an analysis of the WHO database of adverse drug reactions.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have shown noninferiority to warfarin for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and a more promising safety profile. Unanswered safety aspects remain to be addressed and available evidence on the risk associated with these drugs are conflicting. In order to contribute to the debate on their safety profile, we conducted a comparative analysis of the reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with DOACs in VigiBase. ⋯ As well as premarketing authorization clinical trial studies, we found a reduced risk of intracranial haemorrhage, but an increased risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients treated with DOACs compared to warfarin. We provide new data and we highlight several differences between the three novel oral anticoagulants, in the rate and type of ADRs occurred.