British journal of clinical pharmacology
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2018
Comparative StudyTrends in analgesic consumption in France over the last 10 years and comparison of patterns across Europe.
The aims of the present study were to describe the consumption trends of three groups of analgesics (non-opioids, and mild and strong opioids) between 2006 and 2015 in France, and compare this pattern of use with six European countries in 2015. ⋯ Paracetamol consumption is clearly highest in France, whereas its use of strong opioids is among the lowest in Europe, although its consumption of oxycodone has increased significantly. Further studies are required specifically to monitor these drugs.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyExposure-response characterization of tofacitinib efficacy in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: Results from a dose-ranging phase 2 trial.
Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor being investigated for ulcerative colitis (UC). In a phase 2 dose-ranging study, tofacitinib demonstrated efficacy vs. placebo as UC induction therapy. In this posthoc analysis, we aimed to compare tofacitinib dose and plasma concentration as predictors of efficacy and identify covariates that determined efficacy in patients with UC. ⋯ Exposure-response characterization demonstrated the potential of tofacitinib 10 and 15 mg twice daily as induction therapy for UC without monitoring of plasma drug concentrations for dose optimization.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 2018
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction in healthy volunteers.
Alpha-2 agonists are direct peripheral vasoconstrictors, which achieve these effects by activating vascular smooth muscle alpha-2 adrenoceptors. The impact of this response during dexmedetomidine infusion remains poorly quantified. Our goal was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD, vasoconstriction) effects of a computer-controlled dexmedetomidine infusion in healthy volunteers. ⋯ We found that dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction is concentration dependent over time. Dexmedetomidine PK were best estimated by a three-compartment model with allometric scaling. Our results may contribute to future modelling of dexmedetomidine-induced haemodynamic effects.