Journal of clinical microbiology
-
J. Clin. Microbiol. · Apr 1993
Comparative StudyDetection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in clinical samples by using a simple lysis method and polymerase chain reaction.
We have evaluated the polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples from patients with tuberculous infection. Two simple methods for mycobacterial DNA release have been compared: sonication and lysis with nonionic detergents and proteinase K. The more effective method was the enzymatic technique. By using this protocol with 75 specimens we detected M. tuberculosis DNA in all of the samples, whereas only 48 and 71 samples were positive by acid-fast staining and culture, respectively.
-
J. Clin. Microbiol. · Mar 1993
Comparative StudyUse of disinfectants to reduce microbial contamination of hubs of vascular catheters.
The vascular catheter hub is a potential portal of entry for microorganisms that cause catheter-related sepsis. Thus, a reduction in catheter hub contamination might reduce the incidence of catheter-related sepsis. To develop a regimen suitable for reducing microbial contamination of the catheter hub, we experimentally contaminated catheter hubs and assessed the efficacies of disinfectant solutions. ⋯ The cleaning regimens containing ethanol were the most effective. Seventy percent ethanol was more effective than chlorhexidine and is likely to be the safest treatment. We conclude that cleaning of the catheter hub with disinfectant can dramatically reduce microbial contamination.
-
J. Clin. Microbiol. · Jan 1992
Case ReportsCapnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia caused by a dog bite in a hairy cell leukemia patient.
Fatal septicemia developed in a splenectomized patient with hairy cell leukemia following a dog bite. Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a slowly growing gram-negative bacillus, was isolated from the patient's blood. Although a rare complication of dog bites in the normal population, this bacterium should be suspected and promptly treated in immunologically compromised dog bite victims. Furthermore, immunocompromised patients should be made aware of the dangers of dog ownership.
-
J. Clin. Microbiol. · Dec 1991
Babesia microti, human babesiosis, and Borrelia burgdorferi in Connecticut.
Babesia microti was isolated from a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) that was captured in southeastern Connecticut in 1988, when the first human case of babesiosis acquired in Connecticut was recognized. To date, 13 cases of babesiosis have been reported in Connecticut, the largest number of human cases reported on the mainland United States. Two of nine patients quiried remembered a prior tick bite. ⋯ The peridomestic nature of the disease was demonstrated by isolating the parasite from white-footed mice captured in or near the yards of eight different patients. Of 59 mice tested, 27 were positive and 25 were coinfected with B. burgdorferi. The isolation of B. microti from a white-footed mouse captured in north-central Connecticut (West Hartford), away from the focus of human infections in southeastern Connecticut, suggests that this pathogen may spread into other areas where Ixodes dammini, the tick vector, becomes established.
-
J. Clin. Microbiol. · Nov 1991
Amplification of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in skin biopsies from patients with Lyme disease.
To determine whether the polymerase chain reaction could contribute to a better diagnosis of Lyme disease, skin biopsy samples from patients suffering from erythema chronicum migrans or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi by a polymerase chain reaction assay, which was specific for European strains. The spirochete could not be detected microscopically in any of the 15 biopsy samples obtained from nine patients. However, B. burgdorferi could be isolated from seven of eight of these samples, which indicated the presence of spirochetes. ⋯ The spirochete could be isolated from the biopsy sample, from a patient with erythema chronicum migrans who tested negative, which suggests a false-negative polymerase chain reaction result probably on account of the low number of spirochetes present in the lesion. The positive polymerase chain reaction for lesions from patients with acrodermatis chronica atrophicans supports the concept that B. burgdorferi can persist in the skin over a long period of time. From these results, it was concluded that the polymerase chain reaction is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of Lyme disease.