Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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This paper on international sexual harassment begins with a presentation of the definitions, models, and consequences of sexual harassment. Following this discussion, a description is given of a nine-country research program that examined reactions to academic sexual harassment. A brief review of incidence studies and international laws related to sexual harassment are also included.
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Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. · Nov 2006
In tribute to Luigi Castagnetta-drawings. A narrative approach for children with cancer.
In troublesome situations, each of us uses verbal communication carefully, at times diminishing our meaning with words of little significance. However, since the need to communicate remains a part of us, body language or other forms of expression are put into use. Inside a hospital a child is always a stranger with regards to the uneasiness that accompanies his/her experience. ⋯ Such extremely important collaboration prevents the loss of relevant and vital details. This research confirms our theory that art therapy has to be included in the total care of a severely ill child while in hospital. Drawings accompanied by comments certainly provide a broader approach to better understanding the child's anxiety and feelings.
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Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. · Nov 2006
Catechol quinones of estrogens in the initiation of breast, prostate, and other human cancers: keynote lecture.
Estrogens can be converted to electrophilic metabolites, particularly the catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, estrone(estradiol)-3,4-quinone [E(1)(E(2))-3,4-Q], which react with DNA to form depurinating adducts. These adducts are released from DNA to generate apurinic sites. Error-prone repair of this damage leads to the mutations that initiate breast, prostate, and other types of cancer. ⋯ The depurinating adducts that migrate from cells and can be found in body fluids can also serve as biomarkers of cancer risk. In fact, a higher level of estrogen-DNA adducts has been found in the urine of men with prostate cancer and in women with breast cancer compared to healthy controls. This unifying mechanism of the origin of cancer and other diseases suggests preventive strategies based on the level of depurinating DNA adducts that generate the first critical step in the initiation of diseases.
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Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. · Nov 2006
ReviewTherapeutic management of chronic neuropathic pain: an examination of pharmacologic treatment.
Neuropathic pain is defined as pain caused by a lesion in the nervous system and is common in clinical practice. Diagnosis can be difficult. Recommendations for first-line pharmacologic treatments are based on positive results from multiple, randomized, controlled trials, and recommendations for second-line pharmacologic treatments are based on the positive result of a single, randomized, controlled trial or inconsistent results of multiple, randomized, controlled trials. ⋯ Treatment decisions for patients with neuropathic pain can be difficult. Interest in the mechanisms and treatment of chronic neuropathic pain has increased during the past years, resulting in significant treatment advances in the future. In this article all recent knowledge on therapeutic management of chronic neuropathic pain is presented.