RöFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin
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65 patients with penetrating or blunt scrotal trauma underwent scrotal ultrasound. High-resolution real-time sonography was able to differentiate testicular from extratesticular lesions in all cases. ⋯ Diagnosis could be confirmed at operation in 12 cases and by clinical and sonographic follow-up in 8 cases. A heterogeneous parenchymal pattern, contour abnormalities, poorly defined margins and obvious fragmentation of the testicle strongly suggest testicular rupture.
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To study the detailed normal ultrasonic anatomy of the pleura and chest wall, high resolution (7.5 MHz) ultrasonograms were obtained from cadaver chest wall specimens and compared with thin section computed tomograms and anatomical specimens. Ultrasonograms show three layers of the intercostal muscles (internal, external and innermost), covered by the "echogenic pleural line." The "echogenic pleural line" is caused by composite echoes from the inner parietal pleura, and the outer endothoracic fascia, with the fatty tissue covering both sides of the fascia, which are located deep to the chest wall muscles. On ultrasonograms, the subpleural fat tissue, when abundant, appeared as an apron-like structure hanging down from the inner surface of the rib (subpleural fat pad), or diffuse fat accumulation mimicking the pleural thickening.
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Palmar hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating of the hands causes, to those affected, emotional and physical disturbance and impediment in professional and social life. The cause is unknown. Sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic chain of the autonomous nervous system. ⋯ These are Horner's syndrome, compensatory sweating in other parts of the body, and recurrence of sweating. CT guided chemical percutaneous thoracic sympathectomy presents an alternative, which in the event of failure does not prevent ensuing surgery. The preliminary experience with this procedure in 50 patients is presented and discussed.