Pain
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Simultaneous measurements of pain rating, withdrawal reflex, and skin resistance reaction with non-painful and painful electrical stimuli were performed on 15 healthy male volunteers. Eight different intensities were delivered in standardized randomized order. Each intensity appeared 10 times. ⋯ Graphical evaluation in double logarithmic scales led to systematic errors causing higher exponents. Compound relations, like skin resistance reaction or withdrawal reflex amplitude as function of subjective estimation, could also be approximated by power functions, with parameters predictable from stimulus-reaction functions. No change in exponent was observed when subjective estimation turned from pre-pain to pain.