Pain
-
Little is known about the epidemiology of pain in children. We studied the prevalence of pain in Dutch children aged from 0 to 18 years in the open population, and the relationship with age, gender and pain parameters. A random sample of 1300 children aged 0-3 years was taken from the register of population in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. ⋯ The intensity of pain was higher in the case of chronic pain (P<0. 001) and multiple pains (P<0.001), and for chronic pain the intensity was higher for girls (P<0.001). These findings indicate that chronic pain is a common complaint in childhood and adolescence. In particular, the high prevalence of severe chronic pain and multiple pain in girls aged 12 years and over calls for follow-up investigations documenting the various bio-psycho-social factors related to this pain.
-
Clinical Trial
Human chromaffin cell graft into the CSF for cancer pain management: a prospective phase II clinical study.
A number of pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the value of adrenal medullary allografts in the management of chronic pain. The present longitudinal survey studied 15 patients transplanted for intractable cancer pain after failure of systemic opioids due to the persistence of undesirable side-effects. Before inclusion, all the patients had their pain controlled by daily intrathecal (I-Th) morphine administration. ⋯ In most cases, we noted a relationship between analgesic responses and CSF met-enkephalin levels. The results of this phase II open study demonstrate the feasibility and the safety of this approach using chromaffin cell grafts for long-term relief of intractable cancer pain. However, while analgesic efficacy was indicated by the reduction or stabilization in complementary opioid intake, these observations will need to be confirmed in a controlled trial in a larger series of patients.
-
The ultimate objective of our epidemiological research is to complete a longitudinal population-based study to document the prevalence and impact of acute, recurrent, and chronic pain in children and adolescents. As the first phase of our epidemiological research, we developed a comprehensive screening instrument for identifying children with acute, recurrent, and chronic pain, the Pain Experience Interview. We designed this interview to provide information about the lifetime and point prevalence of various pains, and also to provide information about the intensity, affect, duration, and frequency of children's pain. ⋯ These included four predictions about the common response patterns that we would expect to observe for all children based on our understanding of acute pain caused by trauma/disease, and six predictions about the distinct response patterns that we would expect to observe based on the known differences among children in their experiences of headache, acute treatment-related pain, recurrent pain, and chronic pain. All study predictions were confirmed, demonstrating that the Pain Experience Interview is a valid screening instrument for differentiating children with different types of pain problems. The interview can provide estimates for the lifetime and point prevalence of various pains in children, and data on the intensity, affect, duration, and frequency of their pain experiences.
-
Case Reports
Spinal cord stimulation: a possible therapeutic alternative for chronic mesenteric ischaemia.
A 78-year-old male patient had chronic, unrelieved abdominal pain due to mesenteric ischaemia. Unsuccessful pharmacological approaches included oral morphine plus coadjuvants as well as a sympathetic celiac plexus block which gave pain relief that lasted for 72 h. In order to obtain long-lasting relief, a trial epidural stimulating electrode was implanted after obtaining informed consent and Ethical Committee approval. ⋯ Thereafter, a spinal cord stimulator was implanted. At the time of writing, 11 months after implantation, the degree of analgesia is complete. We believe that spinal cord stimulation may represent an alternative approach in controlling pain due to mesenteric ischaemia.
-
This study examined the generalizability of the non-malignant pain patient profiles based on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) to patients with cancer-related pain. Data were collected from 112 cancer patients. In total, 107/112 patients completed the MPI. ⋯ Given that 80% were classified as either Adaptive or Anomalous, these findings suggest that while the MPI-based profiles do apply, a two profile classification system may be more suitable for cancer patients than the usual three. In particular, the low proportion of patients classified as Interpersonally Distressed may reflect important differences in social support for cancer patients compared with non-cancer patients. Whereas the MPI-based profiles are consistent across non-malignant pain problems, it appears that the nature of cancer may affect the MPI-based profile classification system more than non-malignant pain problems do.