Pain
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The capacity of music to soothe pain has been used in many traditional forms of medicine. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been demonstrated. Here, we examine the possibility that the modulatory effect of music on pain is mediated by the valence (pleasant-unpleasant dimension) of the emotions induced. ⋯ In contrast, the unpleasant excerpts did not modulate pain significantly, and warmth perception was not affected by the presence of pleasant or unpleasant music. Those results support the hypothesis that positive emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia. These findings call for the integration of music to current methods of pain control.
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Comparative Study
The inventory of parent/caregiver responses to the children's pain experience (IRPEDNA): development and preliminary validation.
This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a self-administered instrument designed to measure parents/caregivers' responses to children's pain episodes. For empirical validation purposes, a 60-item inventory was answered by 401 adults whose children's ages ranged from 6 to 16 years (mean=10.44, and SD=2.25 years). Factor structure and item analyses led to a 37 item inventory with three interrelated scales, namely: solicitousness (n=15 items), discouragement (n=10 items), and promotion of well-behaviors and coping (n=12 items). The three scales had good internal consistency, with coefficient alphas of 0.87, 0.83 and 0.87, respectively; they also showed good criterion-related validity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomized controlled trial of perioperative administration of pregabalin for pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Pregabalin has anticonvulsant, antihyperalgesic, and anxiolytic properties. In this study we evaluated the control of pain after perioperative administration of pregabalin 300 or 600 mg, compared with diazepam 10mg. Altogether 91 women scheduled for laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomized to receive diazepam 10mg (D10), pregabalin 150 mg (P300) or 300 mg (P600) for premedication, and the dose was repeated after 12h, except for the D10 group, in which the patients received placebo. ⋯ The total dose of oxycodone (0-24h after surgery) was smaller in the P600 group than in the D10 group (0.34 vs. 0.45 mg kg(-1); P=0.046). The incidence of dizziness (70% vs. 35%; P=0.012), blurred vision (63% vs. 14%; P=0.002) and headache (31% vs. 7%; P=0.041) were higher in the P600 group than in the D10 group. In conclusion, perioperative administration of pregabalin 600 mg decreases oxycodone consumption compared with diazepam 10mg, but is associated with an increased incidence of adverse effects.
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Comparative Study
The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (FPQ-SF): factorial validity and psychometric properties.
McNeil and Rainwater's Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III, 1998) is an empirically derived self-report inventory that assesses fear of three broad categories of pain: Severe, Minor, and Medical Pain. Previous exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the original 3-factor model of the FPQ-III has a poor fit [Osman A, Breitenstein JL, Barrios FX, Gutierrez PM, Kopper BA. The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III: further reliability and validity with nonclinical samples. ⋯ This model comprised 20-items distributed on factors representing Severe, Minor, Injection, and Dental Pain. The total scale and subscale scores based on the 4-factor model had good internal consistency, and preliminary support for construct validity was obtained. Use of this short version of the measure--the FPQ-Short Form--is discussed and directions for future research outlined.
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A substantial body of literature suggests that the experience of both clinical and experimental pain differs among ethnic groups, with African Americans generally reporting greater sensitivity to chronic and experimentally induced pain when compared to non-Hispanic whites. However, no studies to date have examined nociceptive processes that may underlie these differences. The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is based on the measurement of stimulus-induced spinal reflexes. ⋯ Interestingly, verbal pain ratings at NFR threshold were not significantly different between the groups, suggesting that the lower stimulation intensities required to elicit a reflex in African-American versus non-Hispanic white participants were nonetheless perceived as similar. Psychological Involvement, Positive and Negative Mood, and Rumination were correlated with NFR threshold in a pattern that was consistent across both ethnic groups. These results extend previous research on ethnic differences in self-report measures of pain by demonstrating group differences in a nociceptive muscle reflex.