Journal of endodontics
-
Journal of endodontics · Apr 2013
Apical pressure and extent of irrigant flow beyond the needle tip during positive-pressure irrigation in an in vitro root canal model.
This study aimed to measure the pressure generated during positive-pressure irrigation at the periapex of an in vitro tooth model using a novel method of measurement, investigating the effect of flow rate and needle design. Apical pressure was correlated with the extent of dye clearance from the end of a needle tip in a plastic root canal model with similar dimensions. ⋯ If apical clearance of dye beyond the needle tip is a measure of irrigation effectiveness, then maximum effectiveness with safe apical pressures can be gained at specific flow rates using specific needle tip designs. The use of an irrigation flow rate of 4 mL/min was able to achieve maximum effectiveness in this study.
-
Journal of endodontics · Apr 2013
Periapical pressures developed by nonbinding irrigation needles at various irrigation delivery rates.
Injection of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from the root canal into periapical tissues may result in a NaOCl incident. The purpose of this study was to examine the fluid pressure generated by canal cleansing devices at the apical interface, when the tip of the irrigation device was not binding to the canal walls. ⋯ Positive apical irrigation pressures in excess of the central venous pressure may be generated by some canal cleansing devices when irrigants are delivered at flow rates higher than 1 mL/min, even when the irrigation needle is not wedged into the canal walls.