European urology
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Knowledge regarding the lymphatic drainage pattern of penile cancer is the basis for the extent of inguinal lymph node dissection for this disease. ⋯ All sentinel and higher-tier nodes were located in the superior and central inguinal zones and the pelvic region. No lymphatic drainage to the inferior inguinal zones was seen. This suggests that the extent of inguinal node dissection in cN0 patients could be reduced to removal of the superior and central inguinal zones. This may decrease the extensive morbidity associated with this procedure.