European urology
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A disadvantage of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is that many men must be screened, biopsied, and diagnosed to prevent one death. ⋯ For men in their fifties, screening should focus on those in the top 10% to 25% of PSA values because the majority of subsequent cases of distant metastasis are found among these men. Testing of four kallikrein markers in men with an elevated PSA could aid biopsy decision making.
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Multicenter Study
Pilot Validation Study of the European Association of Urology Robotic Training Curriculum.
The development of structured and validated training curricula is one of the current priorities in robot-assisted urological surgery. ⋯ This study shows that a 12-wk structured training program including simulation-based training and mentored training in the operating room allows surgeons with limited robotic experience to increase their robotic skills and their ability to perform the surgical steps of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.
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The feasibility of hybrid transvaginal NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) nephrectomy (HTNN) has already been demonstrated. However, pure transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy (PTNN) has been limited to animal experiments with only one report of its use in humans. ⋯ Pure transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic nephrectomy (PTNN) is technically challenging but feasible and may be performed safely. Further improvements in instruments are necessary for PTNN.
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Multicenter Study
Cabazitaxel Remains Active in Patients Progressing After Docetaxel Followed by Novel Androgen Receptor Pathway Targeted Therapies.
Cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate (AA), and enzalutamide have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following docetaxel chemotherapy. Whether taxanes and next-generation androgen receptor (AR) axis inhibitors are cross-resistant or not is a subject of debate. ⋯ The antitumour activity of cabazitaxel, a chemotherapy agent, was studied in prostate cancer resistant to conventional hormonal therapy and to more recent endocrine therapies (abiraterone or enzalutamide). Cabazitaxel retained anticancer activity in more than half of the cases.
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Overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules affects tumor-specific T-cell immunity in the cancer microenvironment, and can reshape tumor progression and metastasis. Antibodies targeting checkpoints could restore antitumor immunity by blocking the inhibitory receptor-ligand interaction. ⋯ Data from studies support the activity and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in urologic cancers, alone or in combination with conventional cancer therapies. Encouraging data in other oncologic fields could translate into interesting responses in urological cancers.