European urology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Opportunistic testing versus organized prostate-specific antigen screening: outcome after 18 years in the Göteborg randomized population-based prostate cancer screening trial.
It has been shown that organized screening decreases prostate cancer (PC) mortality, but the effect of opportunistic screening is largely unknown. ⋯ Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening within the framework of an organized program seems more effective than unorganized screening.
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The feasibility of hybrid transvaginal NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) nephrectomy (HTNN) has already been demonstrated. However, pure transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy (PTNN) has been limited to animal experiments with only one report of its use in humans. ⋯ Pure transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic nephrectomy (PTNN) is technically challenging but feasible and may be performed safely. Further improvements in instruments are necessary for PTNN.
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A disadvantage of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is that many men must be screened, biopsied, and diagnosed to prevent one death. ⋯ For men in their fifties, screening should focus on those in the top 10% to 25% of PSA values because the majority of subsequent cases of distant metastasis are found among these men. Testing of four kallikrein markers in men with an elevated PSA could aid biopsy decision making.