Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 1994
ReviewBehavior in cocaine-exposed infants and children: association versus causality.
The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infant and child development and behavior are uncertain. This ambiguity has been enhanced by the early nature of human research and suboptimal study designs. Methodological difficulty in this research, particularly in the consideration of confounding effects, has made it difficult to ascribe causal relationships. Future research must consider more precise measures of confounding.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOpiate detoxification of methadone maintenance patients using lefetamine, clonidine and buprenorphine.
Thirty-nine methadone maintenance patients were included in a 9-day, double blind, randomized, inpatient detoxification trial. Methadone was tapered to 10 mg/day and then patients were assigned to one of these 3 protocols: clonidine (0.3-0.9 mg/day), lefetamine (60-240 mg/day), buprenorphine (0.15-0.9 mg/day). ⋯ Clonidine was more effective than lefetamine in suppressing withdrawal in the first 3 days of treatment (day 3: F = 4.10 df = 2, 30 P < 0.05), and this trend was apparent on the objective and psychological items. In addition to evaluations of the efficacy of the single drugs used, the study showed that tapering methadone to low doses before entering the pharmacologically assisted discontinuation phase was clinically acceptable in detoxification from long-term methadone treatment.