Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Prospective predictors of flavored e-cigarette use: A one-year longitudinal study of young adults in the U.S.
E-cigarettes with fruit and candy flavors are appealing among young adults. This study examined the prospective predictors of young adults' flavored e-cigarette use to inform regulation and prevention efforts. ⋯ This study highlights high rates of NTM flavor use and specific predictors of NTM flavored e-cigarettes use among young adults in the U.S. Regulation and prevention efforts for curbing flavored e-cigarette use among young adults should focus on these risk factors and high-risk groups (e.g., 18-24 years, female, and never cigarette smokers).
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Multicenter Study Observational StudyDuration of opioid prescriptions predicts incident nonmedical use of prescription opioids among U.S. veterans receiving medical care.
Although nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) is a public health problem, few studies have examined the new-onset NMUPO in clinical populations. We estimated NMUPO incidence among veterans in medical care who had received prescription opioid medication and examined correlates of new-onset NMUPO. ⋯ Duration of prescription opioid receipt is a risk factor for incident NMUPO among veterans receiving medical care. Providers who prescribe opioids should monitor for NMUPO, especially among those with a longer duration of opioid therapy.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
ReviewPharmacotherapy for amphetamine dependence: A systematic review.
Demand for treatment for amphetamine use is increasing internationally. Establishing effective pharmacotherapy provides broader treatment options for people who are dependent on amphetamine and may encourage engagement in evidence-based behavioral treatment. This study aimed to identify medicines that have potential in improving treatment outcomes for people who are dependent on amphetamines. ⋯ No medicine has as yet demonstrated sufficient, consistent evidence of effectiveness to support its use in routine treatment. High study drop-out and poor medication adherence limits the strength of evidence and raises important clinical questions about how to improve treatment engagement and outcomes.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Improved treatment-retention for patients receiving methadone dosing within the clinic providing physician and other health services (onsite) versus dosing at community (offsite) pharmacies.
Opioid-use disorder has been declared a public health crisis across North America. One of the most common treatments for opioid-use disorder is opioid agonist therapy, including MMT. This study examined the impact of methadone dispensing in clinic (onsite) pharmacies versus community (offsite) pharmacies on treatment retention for patients initiating MMT. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that clinic (onsite) pharmacy methadone dosing results in a greater likelihood of retention in MMT compared to community (offsite) pharmacy dosing. The study highlights the importance of coordinating delivery of care across patient, physician, and pharmacist in delivery of treatment services.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
The association between physical pain and cannabis use in daily life: An experience sampling method.
Previous research shows that between individuals there is a positive association between medically motivated use and cannabis use frequency and quantity. While between-subjects' analyses are useful for understanding shared vulnerabilities, research has so far not examined within-subjects' relationships which are closer to evaluating functional relationships (i.e., do individuals tend to use cannabis more heavily subsequent to elevations in pain experiences?). To better understand the association between experiences of pain and cannabis use, the current paper examines whether there is a functional within-subjects association between experiences of pain and heavy cannabis use. ⋯ Experiences of pain are not associated with decisions about whether or not to use cannabis. Once cannabis users are in cannabis-using situations, they tend to use larger amounts when they are experiencing elevated levels of pain. This may have implications for cannabis abuse treatment as pain may make it more difficult for users to reduce their consumption.