Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of electronic screening and brief intervention on hazardous or harmful drinking among adults in the hospital outpatient setting: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
Most trials of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) have been conducted in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of e-SBI in adults with hazardous or harmful drinking. ⋯ These results do not support the implementation of an e-SBI program comprising personalized feedback and normative feedback for adults with hazardous or harmful drinking in the hospital outpatient setting.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Prospective predictors of flavored e-cigarette use: A one-year longitudinal study of young adults in the U.S.
E-cigarettes with fruit and candy flavors are appealing among young adults. This study examined the prospective predictors of young adults' flavored e-cigarette use to inform regulation and prevention efforts. ⋯ This study highlights high rates of NTM flavor use and specific predictors of NTM flavored e-cigarettes use among young adults in the U.S. Regulation and prevention efforts for curbing flavored e-cigarette use among young adults should focus on these risk factors and high-risk groups (e.g., 18-24 years, female, and never cigarette smokers).
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Cognitive reappraisal moderates the relationship between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use over time in post-9/11 U.S. military veterans.
Rates of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are increasing among post-9/11 veterans, and emotion regulation problems have been identified as a feature of both disorders. However, no studies to date have explored how individual differences in emotion regulation may moderate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. We evaluated how two core emotion regulation strategies - one adaptive (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) and one maladaptive (i.e., expressive suppression) are related to PTSD symptoms and alcohol use over one-year. ⋯ Findings from the present study suggest that baseline individual differences in cognitive reappraisal influence the relation between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. For post-9/11 veterans, high levels of cognitive reappraisal may serve as a protective factor against ongoing alcohol use.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Comparing state, regional, and local variation in concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use.
Concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use is associated with a three-fold increase in the risk of opioid-related overdose. No study has evaluated geographic variation in the concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines in US Medicare. We compared state, hospital-referral region (HRR), and county-level variation in concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use among US Medicare opioid users and examined the heterogeneity in concurrent use within states. ⋯ Large variation in concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines exists across the US. State variation masks substantial local variation, which beckons for polices to monitor concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use at the county level.