Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Cognitive reappraisal moderates the relationship between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use over time in post-9/11 U.S. military veterans.
Rates of comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are increasing among post-9/11 veterans, and emotion regulation problems have been identified as a feature of both disorders. However, no studies to date have explored how individual differences in emotion regulation may moderate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. We evaluated how two core emotion regulation strategies - one adaptive (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) and one maladaptive (i.e., expressive suppression) are related to PTSD symptoms and alcohol use over one-year. ⋯ Findings from the present study suggest that baseline individual differences in cognitive reappraisal influence the relation between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use. For post-9/11 veterans, high levels of cognitive reappraisal may serve as a protective factor against ongoing alcohol use.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Comparing state, regional, and local variation in concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use.
Concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use is associated with a three-fold increase in the risk of opioid-related overdose. No study has evaluated geographic variation in the concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines in US Medicare. We compared state, hospital-referral region (HRR), and county-level variation in concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use among US Medicare opioid users and examined the heterogeneity in concurrent use within states. ⋯ Large variation in concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines exists across the US. State variation masks substantial local variation, which beckons for polices to monitor concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use at the county level.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
ReviewPharmacotherapy for amphetamine dependence: A systematic review.
Demand for treatment for amphetamine use is increasing internationally. Establishing effective pharmacotherapy provides broader treatment options for people who are dependent on amphetamine and may encourage engagement in evidence-based behavioral treatment. This study aimed to identify medicines that have potential in improving treatment outcomes for people who are dependent on amphetamines. ⋯ No medicine has as yet demonstrated sufficient, consistent evidence of effectiveness to support its use in routine treatment. High study drop-out and poor medication adherence limits the strength of evidence and raises important clinical questions about how to improve treatment engagement and outcomes.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2018
Prospective predictors of flavored e-cigarette use: A one-year longitudinal study of young adults in the U.S.
E-cigarettes with fruit and candy flavors are appealing among young adults. This study examined the prospective predictors of young adults' flavored e-cigarette use to inform regulation and prevention efforts. ⋯ This study highlights high rates of NTM flavor use and specific predictors of NTM flavored e-cigarettes use among young adults in the U.S. Regulation and prevention efforts for curbing flavored e-cigarette use among young adults should focus on these risk factors and high-risk groups (e.g., 18-24 years, female, and never cigarette smokers).