Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialThe relationship between smoking cessation and binge drinking, depression, and anxiety symptoms among smokers with serious mental illness.
Concerns about the adverse effects of smoking cessation on alcohol use and mental health are a barrier to cessation for smokers with serious mental illness (SMI). The purpose of this study is to examine how incident smoking cessation affects binge drinking and symptoms of depression and anxiety among smokers with SMI. ⋯ Quitting smoking was not associated with heightened binge drinking or symptoms of depression and anxiety among smokers with SMI. These findings suggest that quitting smoking is not detrimental for these patients, and provide evidential support for facilitating access to cessation resources for patients with serious mental illness who smoke.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialAn evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for opioid use disorder and chronic pain.
The primary study aim was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for opioid use disorder and chronic pain. The secondary aim was to examine its preliminary efficacy. ⋯ We found support for the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy relative to standard drug counseling in promoting abstinence from nonmedical opioid use among patients with opioid use disorder and chronic pain. Overall, patients exhibited improved pain outcomes, but these improvements did not differ significantly by treatment condition.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2019
A prospective study of nonmedical use of prescription opioids during adolescence and subsequent substance use disorder symptoms in early midlife.
This longitudinal study assesses characteristics associated with adolescents' nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) including: frequency, co-ingestion, motives, specific opioid type; sequence of initiation of medical use of prescription opioids and NMUPO in relationship to subsequent substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms. ⋯ This is the first U.S. national prospective study to examine the relationships between adolescents' NMUPO characteristics and later SUD symptoms in early midlife. Several characteristics (frequency, co-ingestion, motives, opioid type, and medical/NMUPO initiation history) were identified that could be used to screen and detect high-risk youth for indicated interventions to reduce prescription opioid misuse and SUDs.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2019
Stakeholder perspectives on implementing fentanyl drug checking: Results from a multi-site study.
The opioid epidemic is one of the greatest public health crises of our times, driven increasingly by synthetic opioids such as fentanyl in the heroin supply. The implementation of drug checking in community settings has the potential to reduce the burden of fatal overdose, provide harm reduction education around safer drug consumption, and increase health access among people who use drugs (PWUD). To inform program development, we explored stakeholder opinions on drug checking technologies and implementation considerations. ⋯ Stakeholders overwhelmingly supported the concept of drug checking with the goals of providing needed risk reduction information and resources to PWUD and serving as a point for greater engagement in services. Programs need to be tailored to local circumstances. Law enforcement buy-in and policy change will be critical aspects of providing drug checking services.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jan 2019
Mental health functioning and severity of cannabis withdrawal among medical cannabis users with chronic pain.
To describe patterns of cannabis withdrawal among a large sample of those who use medical cannabis and test the association between withdrawal symptomology and functioning. ⋯ Cannabis withdrawal symptomology is highly prevalent among patients who use medical cannabis at least three times a week. Helping patients recognize the association between poorer functioning and withdrawal may be an effective way to highlight potentially negative consequences of regular and moderate heavy use.