Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis of medications for stimulant use disorders in patients with co-occurring opioid use disorders.
Stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine) use has increased among people with opioid use disorder. We conducted a systematic review of medications for stimulant use disorders in this population. ⋯ Co-occurring stimulant/opioid use disorder is an important problem for targeting future research. Medication trials for methamphetamine use disorder are lacking in this population. Most of the medications studied for cocaine use were ineffective, although psychostimulants warrant further study.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Predictors of marijuana vaping onset and escalation among young adults.
Little is known about factors that influence marijuana vaping among young people. We examined cigarette, e-cigarette and marijuana use experiences, social network characteristics and exposure to direct e-cigarette marketing as predictors of marijuana vaping initiation and escalation. ⋯ Dual use of cigarette and e-cigarette and greater presence in social networks of marijuana users and people who frequent vape shops appear to be robust predictors of marijuana vaping onset and escalation among young adults. In addition to promoting e-cigarette use prevention/cessation, efforts to control marijuana vaping may need to consider promoting smoking prevention/cessation and the effects of increasing prevalence of marijuana use.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Young adult e-cigarette use: A latent class analysis of device and flavor use, 2018-2019.
The myriad of e-cigarette devices and flavors used by young adults (YAs) complicates identification of the particular e-cigarette products that are associated with more frequent tobacco use and merit consideration for regulation. The current study used latent class analysis to identify distinct patterns of e-cigarette device and flavor use and evaluate their association with vaping and smoking frequency. ⋯ Although YAs that predominately used pod devices alongside non-tobacco flavors were most common, YAs characterized by a proclivity toward using many different devices and flavors were appreciably prevalent and smoked and vaped more frequently. Regulations targeting a wide spectrum of vaping products may be optimal in protecting YA health.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Prospective associations of e-cigarette use with cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical prescription drug use among US adolescents.
As e-cigarette use continues to increase in the U.S., research is needed to understand its prospective risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in young adulthood, including alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical prescription drugs (NMPDs). ⋯ This study suggests that e-cigarette use may be an indicator of future substance use risk in young adulthood. Adolescent e-cigarette users may benefit from secondary prevention efforts to mitigate this risk.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Evaluating the impact of COVID-19: A cohort comparison study of drug use and risky sexual behavior among sexual minority men in the U.S.A.
Sexual minority men who use drugs have high sexual HIV transmission risk. Sexual interactions may also increase COVID-19 risk.This study compared marijuana use, other illegal drugs use (i.e. cocaine/crack, methamphetamine, MDMA/ecstasy, GHB, and ketamine) and sexual behavior with casual partners among sexual minority cismen active on social networking and dating applications before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. ⋯ While the proportion of participants reporting drug use and condomless anal sex with casual partners declined in the COVID cohort, the association between drug use and sexual behavior was magnified. Sexual minority men who use drugs are significantly more likely to engage in sexual behaviors that place them at risk for HIV and COVID-19 transmission.