Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Predictors of marijuana vaping onset and escalation among young adults.
Little is known about factors that influence marijuana vaping among young people. We examined cigarette, e-cigarette and marijuana use experiences, social network characteristics and exposure to direct e-cigarette marketing as predictors of marijuana vaping initiation and escalation. ⋯ Dual use of cigarette and e-cigarette and greater presence in social networks of marijuana users and people who frequent vape shops appear to be robust predictors of marijuana vaping onset and escalation among young adults. In addition to promoting e-cigarette use prevention/cessation, efforts to control marijuana vaping may need to consider promoting smoking prevention/cessation and the effects of increasing prevalence of marijuana use.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Assessing how the history of e-cigarette and cigarette use are associated with the developmental course of marijuana use in a sample of United States adolescents.
The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental course of marijuana use among adolescents based on their history of cigarette and e-cigarette use among a national U.S. sample of adolescents who were followed over a four year time-period. ⋯ While concurrent and non-concurrent dual use was strongly associated with marijuana use over the study period, marijuana use increased at a faster rate across the four-year span of the study among e-cigarette only users.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Young adult e-cigarette use: A latent class analysis of device and flavor use, 2018-2019.
The myriad of e-cigarette devices and flavors used by young adults (YAs) complicates identification of the particular e-cigarette products that are associated with more frequent tobacco use and merit consideration for regulation. The current study used latent class analysis to identify distinct patterns of e-cigarette device and flavor use and evaluate their association with vaping and smoking frequency. ⋯ Although YAs that predominately used pod devices alongside non-tobacco flavors were most common, YAs characterized by a proclivity toward using many different devices and flavors were appreciably prevalent and smoked and vaped more frequently. Regulations targeting a wide spectrum of vaping products may be optimal in protecting YA health.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Meta AnalysisA systematic review and meta-analysis of medications for stimulant use disorders in patients with co-occurring opioid use disorders.
Stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine) use has increased among people with opioid use disorder. We conducted a systematic review of medications for stimulant use disorders in this population. ⋯ Co-occurring stimulant/opioid use disorder is an important problem for targeting future research. Medication trials for methamphetamine use disorder are lacking in this population. Most of the medications studied for cocaine use were ineffective, although psychostimulants warrant further study.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Nov 2020
Steep increases in fentanyl-related mortality west of the Mississippi River: Recent evidence from county and state surveillance.
Overdose deaths from synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) increased 10-fold in the United States from 2013 to 2018, despite such opioids being rare in illicit drug markets west of the Mississippi River. Public health professionals have feared a "fentanyl breakthrough" in western U.S. drug markets could further accelerate overdose mortality. We evaluated the number and nature of western U.S. fentanyl deaths using the most recent data available. ⋯ Fentanyl has spread westward, increasing deaths in the short-term and threatening to dramatically worsen the nation's already severe opioid epidemic in the long-term. Increasing the standard dose of naloxone, expanding Medicaid, improving coverage of addiction treatment, and public health educational campaigns should be prioritized.