Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jun 2018
Relapse to smoking following release from smoke-free correctional facilities in Queensland, Australia.
Smoke-free prison policies are increasingly common, but few studies have investigated relapse to smoking after release from prison. This study investigated return to tobacco smoking and correlates of smoking at reduced levels after release among adults recently released from smoke-free prisons in Queensland, Australia. ⋯ Relapse to smoking after release from smoke-free prisons is common, but many who relapse smoke less than before incarceration, suggesting that smoke-free prison policies may reduce post-release tobacco smoking. There is a need for tailored, evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions for people recently released from prison.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jun 2018
Doctor shopping of opioid analgesics relative to benzodiazepines: A pharmacoepidemiological study among 11.7 million inhabitants in the French countries.
The abuse of prescription opioids and its subsequent consequences is an important public concern particularly in the USA. The literature on opioid analgesic abuse is scarce. ⋯ There is a need to reinforce surveillance systems to track opioid misuse and to increase awareness of healthcare professionals.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Jun 2018
Differences in nicotine dependence, smoke exposure and consumer characteristics between smokers of machine-injected roll-your-own cigarettes and factory-made cigarettes.
Consumption of machine-injected roll-your-own (RYO) filtered cigarettes made from pipe tobacco increased almost 7-fold from 2008 to 2011 in the United States. ⋯ Machine-injected RYO cigarettes made from pipe tobacco are cheaper than FM cigarettes but may have higher abuse liability. Smokers who might otherwise reduce their cigarette consumption or quit altogether may continue to smoke RYO cigarettes due to their affordability.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · May 2018
A fMRI study on the impact of advertising for flavored e-cigarettes on susceptible young adults.
E-cigarettes are sold in flavors such as "skittles," "strawberrylicious," and "juicy fruit," and no restrictions are in place on marketing e-cigarettes to youth. Sweets/fruits depicted in e-cigarette advertisements may increase their appeal to youth and interfere with health warnings. This study tested a brain biomarker of product preference for sweet/fruit versus tobacco flavor e-cigarettes, and whether advertising for flavors interfered with warning labels. ⋯ These and exploratory eye-tracking findings suggest that advertising for sweet/fruit flavors may increase positive associations with e-cigarettes and/or override negative associations with tobacco, and interfere with health warnings, suggesting that one way to reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes to youth and educate youth about e-cigarette health risks is to regulate advertising for flavors.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · May 2018
Correlates of prescription opioid misuse among Black adults: Findings from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Prescription drug misuse, especially opioid misuse, has become a public health crisis in the US. While much research attention has been focused on prescription drug misuse, a number of notable gaps in the literature remain. The current research addresses one of these gaps by examining racial/ethnic variation in prescription opioid misuse among adults. ⋯ The current research identified a number of unique correlates of prescription opioid misuse among Black adults. To more effectively deal with the current public health crisis, research must identify risk factors among various groups within the population.