Drug and alcohol dependence
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2014
Pain management perceptions among prescription opioid dependent individuals.
Nearly two-thirds of prescription opioid dependent individuals report chronic pain conditions as both an initial and current motivation for prescription opioid use. However, to date, limited information exists regarding perceptions of the adequacy of pain management and pain management behaviors among prescription opioid dependent individuals with a history of treatment for chronic pain. ⋯ Results highlight the complicated clinical presentation and prevalent perception of the under-treatment of pain among this population. Findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to managing the complex presentation of chronic pain patients with comorbid prescription opioid dependence. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2014
Clinical monitoring and high-risk conditions among patients with SUD newly prescribed opioids and benzodiazepines.
Opioid therapy alone or in combination with benzodiazepines poses safety concerns among patients with substance use disorders (SUD). Guidelines for opioid therapy recommend SUD treatment and enhanced monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors, but information on monitoring practices is sparse. This study estimated high-risk conditions - psychiatric comorbidity, suicide risk, and age <35 and ≥65 - and described clinical monitoring among patients with SUD who were newly prescribed opioids alone and concurrent with benzodiazepines long-term. ⋯ Improvements in clinical monitoring are needed as many VA patients with SUD and comorbid risks who initiate opioid therapy do not receive sufficient mental health/SUD care or UDS monitoring.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2014
Social housing conditions influence morphine dependence and the extinction of morphine place preference in adolescent mice.
Adolescent opioid abuse is on the rise, and current treatments are not effective in reducing rates of relapse. Our previous studies demonstrated that social housing conditions alter the acquisition rate of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent mice. Specifically, the acquisition rate of morphine CPP is slower in morphine-treated animals housed with drug-naïve animals. Thus, here we tested the effect of social housing conditions on the development of morphine dependence and the extinction rate of an acquired morphine CPP. ⋯ Social housing conditions modulate morphine dependence and the extinction rate of morphine CPP. Extinction testing is relevant to human addiction because rehabilitations like extinction therapy may be used to aid human addicts in maintaining abstinence from drug use.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2014
A latent class analysis of self-reported clinical indicators of psychosocial stability and adherence among opioid substitution therapy patients: do stable patients receive more unsupervised doses?
To develop a stability typology among opioid substitution therapy patients using a range of adherence indicators derived from clinical guidelines, and determine whether stable patients receive more unsupervised doses. ⋯ This study suggested that system-level factors and observable indicators of social functioning were more strongly associated with the receipt of less supervised treatment. Future research should examine this issue using prospectively collected data.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2014
Patterns of concurrent substance use among nonmedical ADHD stimulant users: results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
To examine patterns of concurrent substance use among adults with nonmedical ADHD stimulant use. ⋯ Nonmedical users of ADHD stimulants are a heterogeneous group with a large subgroup with low prevalence of problematic use of other substances. These subgroups have distinct patterns of mental health comorbidity, behavior problems and service use, with implications for prevention and treatment of nonmedical stimulant use.