Drug and alcohol dependence
-
Drug Alcohol Depend · Aug 2013
Effects of 14-day treatment with the schedule III anorectic phendimetrazine on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeys.
The clinical utility of monoamine releasers such as phenmetrazine or d-amphetamine as candidate agonist medications for cocaine dependence is hindered by their high abuse liability. Phendimetrazine is a clinically available schedule III anorectic that functions as a prodrug for phenmetrazine and thus may have lower abuse liability. This study determined the effects of continuous 14-day treatment with phendimetrazine on cocaine vs. food choice in rhesus monkeys (N=4). ⋯ These results demonstrate that phendimetrazine can produce significant, though modest, reductions in cocaine choice in rhesus monkeys. Phendimetrazine may be especially suitable as a candidate medication for human studies because of its schedule III clinical availability.
-
Drug Alcohol Depend · Aug 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialCharacteristics of developmentally early alcohol use disorder symptom reports: a prospective-longitudinal community study.
There is little prospective-epidemiological information on symptoms of DSM-IV-alcohol use disorder (alcohol abuse and dependence; AUD) that may be typical for early AUD stages or the developmental periods of adolescence and early adulthood. ⋯ The overall pattern of most/least frequent AUDS reported in adolescence and early adulthood resembles findings in older adults and does not suggest a developmentally specific symptom pattern. Moderate AUDS-stability and considerable remission rates indicate that AUDS in this age group are transient for a considerable proportion of subjects. However, the associations with elevated consumption indicate that AUDS reports early in life need to be taken seriously in prevention and intervention.
-
Drug Alcohol Depend · Aug 2013
National trends in pharmaceutical opioid related overdose deaths compared to other substance related overdose deaths: 1999-2009.
Pharmaceutical opioid related deaths have increased. This study aimed to place pharmaceutical opioid overdose deaths within the context of heroin, cocaine, psychostimulants, and pharmaceutical sedative hypnotics examine demographic trends, and describe common combinations of substances involved in opioid related deaths. ⋯ Strategies, such as wider implementation of naloxone, expanded access to treatment, and development of new interventions are needed to curb the pharmaceutical opioid overdose epidemic.
-
Drug Alcohol Depend · Jul 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyPatient characteristics associated with buprenorphine/naloxone treatment outcome for prescription opioid dependence: Results from a multisite study.
Prescription opioid dependence is a growing problem, but little research exists on its treatment, including patient characteristics that predict treatment outcome. ⋯ This is the first study to examine characteristics associated with treatment outcome in patients dependent exclusively on prescription opioids. Characteristics associated with successful outcome after 12 weeks of buprenorphine/naloxone treatment include some that have previously been found to predict heroin-dependent patients' response to methadone treatment and some specific to prescription opioid-dependent patients receiving buprenorphine/naloxone.
-
Drug Alcohol Depend · Jul 2013
An iterative model for in vitro laboratory assessment of tamper deterrent formulations.
In an effort to address the continuing problem of prescription opioid abuse, manufacturers are incorporating new technologies into formulations that are designed to deter product tampering and misuse. Standards for laboratory assessment of tamper deterrent properties of new formulations have not previously been developed. ⋯ This model, developed to assess the tamper deterrent properties of reformulated oxycodone, should have application in the assessment of other drug formulations designed to exhibit tamper deterrence properties.