The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2012
CNS infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus complex: clinical features and antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates.
CNS infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rare and only three cases of CNS infections due to Mycobacterium abscessus complex have been reported. ⋯ Our study revealed that M. abscessus complex isolates, particularly M. massiliense, should be considered potential pathogens causing CNS infections. Long-duration clarithromycin-based combination therapy plus surgical intervention may provide the best chance of cure.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialNeither moxifloxacin nor cefuroxime produces significant attenuation of inflammatory mediator release in patients exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled trial.
In vitro and experimental studies in animals have established the anti-inflammatory effects of moxifloxacin. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) leads to an inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to assess whether the inflammatory cytokine response to CPB is reduced with a perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, either moxifloxacin or cefuroxime (the standard prophylaxis). ⋯ Neither moxifloxacin nor cefuroxime produced significant attenuation of the inflammatory cytokine response to CPB. The reasons why moxifloxacin did not have significant anti-inflammatory effects in this unique clinical situation may be: (i) the inflammatory response to CPB may be different from that of infectious disease states that were used to establish the immunomodulatory effects of moxifloxacin; and (ii) a single intravenous dose, which was used in this investigation, may not lead to high enough plasma and intracellular concentrations.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2012
The emergence of pan-resistant Gram-negative pathogens merits a rapid global political response.
Recent media coverage of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) put antibiotic resistance back on the political map if only for the wrong reasons, mainly the reaction to the naming of NDM-1 and the incorrect assumption that medical tourism was being deliberately targeted. However, work on NDM-1 has most certainly highlighted the rapid dissemination of new antibiotic resistance mechanisms via economic globalization. ⋯ Furthermore, there is a pressing need to establish a global task force to enforce international transparency and accountability on antibiotic stewardship and the implementation of measures to curb antibiotic resistance. An international antibiotic stewardship index should be established that is related to each country's gross domestic product (GDP) and assesses how much of their GDP is committed to publically funded health initiatives aimed at controlling antibiotic resistance.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jan 2012
Tigecycline accelerates staphylococcal-infected burn wound healing through matrix metalloproteinase-9 modulation.
We investigated the in vivo efficacy of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline (a tetracycline derivative), in the management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected experimental surgical wounds in rats. The main outcome measures were quantitative bacterial culture, histological examination and immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and collagen IV. ⋯ Tigecycline, besides its antimicrobial activity, exerts an important modulatory effect on MMP-9, accelerating wound healing in staphylococcal-infected burns.