The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparative study of the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole versus meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, Phase II trial.
Avibactam, a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, restores the in vitro activity of ceftazidime against class A, C and some class D β-lactamase-producing pathogens, including those commonly associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). This randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, Phase II trial (NCT00752219) aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole compared with meropenem in hospitalized patients with cIAI. ⋯ Ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole was effective and generally well tolerated in patients with cIAI, with a favourable clinical response rate in the ME population of >90%, similar to that of meropenem.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Comparative StudyComparison of pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in paediatric, adult and elderly patients in Canadian hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to describe the association between age groups and antimicrobial resistance in the most commonly identified pathogens in Canadian hospitals. ⋯ The assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns by age group revealed that resistance rates are often higher in the older age groups; however, considerable variability in age-specific resistance trends for different pathogen-antimicrobial combinations was noted.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Long-term faecal carriage in infants and intra-household transmission of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae following a nosocomial outbreak.
To investigate the duration of faecal carriage of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in infants colonized during a nosocomial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreak after discharge from hospital, possible risk factors for long-term colonization and transmission to household contacts (HCs). ⋯ Infants may be long-term faecal carriers of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae after colonization during hospitalization in the neonatal period. Delivery by caesarean section and antibiotic treatment during hospitalization are possible risk factors for prolonged carriage. Faecal ESBL carriage in infants represents a reservoir for intra-household spread of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Historical ArticleChanges in fluoroquinolone resistance over 5 years (CANWARD 2007-11) in bacterial pathogens isolated in Canadian hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to analyse Canadian national surveillance data, specifically fluoroquinolone resistance, from 2007 to 2011 inclusive, to determine trends in resistance over time and to assess correlations with patient demographic factors. ⋯ A significant increase in the percentage of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, primarily among urine isolates, and a significant decrease in the percentage of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus occurred between 2007 and 2011. Notably, MDR isolates were frequently fluoroquinolone resistant for all organisms studied, except S. pneumoniae.