The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2016
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyCeftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
We conducted a meta-analysis of clinical trials of adults hospitalized with pneumonia outcomes research team (PORT) risk class 3-4 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) receiving ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone. ⋯ Ceftaroline fosamil was superior to ceftriaxone for empirical treatment of adults hospitalized with CAP. Receipt of prior antimicrobial therapy appeared to diminish the observed treatment effect.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2016
Potential of lactoferrin to prevent antibiotic-induced Clostridium difficile infection.
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a global healthcare problem. Recent evidence suggests that the availability of iron may be important for C. difficile growth. This study evaluated the comparative effects of iron-depleted (1% Fe(3+) saturated) bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) and iron-saturated (85% Fe(3+) saturated) bovine holo-lactoferrin (holo-bLf) in a human in vitro gut model that simulates CDI. ⋯ Holo-bLf, but not apo-bLf, delayed C. difficile growth and prevented toxin production in a human gut model of CDI. This inhibitory effect may be iron independent. These observations suggest that bLf in its iron-saturated state could be used as a novel preventative or treatment strategy for CDI.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2016
Observational StudyColonization and infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients: what impact on outcomes and carbapenem exposure?
It remains uncertain whether colonization and infection with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) affect the outcomes for ICU patients. Our objectives were to measure the effects of ESBL-PE carriage and infection on mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS) and carbapenem exposure in this population. ⋯ ESBL-PE infections increased carbapenem consumption, LOS and day 28 mortality. ESBL-PE infections were rather infrequent in carriers; however, even ESBL-PE carriage without infection increased carbapenem exposure and delayed discharge, thereby amplifying the selective pressure and the colonization pressure in the ICU.