The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
-
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Mar 2017
Clinical TrialPopulation pharmacokinetics of cefazolin before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass to optimize dosing regimens for children undergoing cardiac surgery.
The objective of this study was to characterize cefazolin serum pharmacokinetics in children before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), in order to derive an evidence-based dosing regimen. ⋯ We propose an optimized dosing regimen for cefazolin during cardiac surgery in paediatric patients to avoid treatment failure due to inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis.
-
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Mar 2017
Multicenter StudyEfficacy and tolerance of dolutegravir-based combined ART in perinatally HIV-1-infected adolescents: a French multicentre retrospective study.
To assess the safety and efficacy of a dolutegravir-based regimen in perinatally HIV-1-infected adolescents. ⋯ Dolutegravir was safe and virologically effective in these patients, for whom multiple interventions were required to improve compliance.
-
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Dec 2016
In vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis fluoroquinolone resistance emergence: a complex phenomenon poorly detected by current diagnostic tests.
Heteroresistance, described both in terms of various point mutations resulting in different levels of resistance and in terms of a mixture of mutant and WT bacilli, is identified in up to one-third of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Heteroresistance is a challenge for current phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility testing (DST) regimes. We aimed to compare the performances of different phenotypic and genotypic DST in the context of FQ heteroresistance by mimicking, in a murine model, the course of selection of FQ resistance during treatment. ⋯ Our study shows the in vivo complexity of FQ resistance emergence and the poor sensitivity of Sanger DNA sequencing for detection of heteroresistance. Our data support the use of 0.5 mg/L moxifloxacin in LJ for detection of FQ resistance, but not the recent increase in the ofloxacin critical concentration from 2 to 4 mg/L given in the WHO recommendations.
-
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Sep 2016
Increase in antibiotic prescriptions in out-of-hours primary care in contrast to in-hours primary care prescriptions: service evaluation in a population of 600 000 patients.
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and nature of antibiotic prescriptions issued by a primary care out-of-hours (OOH) service and compare time trends in prescriptions between OOH and in-hours primary care. ⋯ We have demonstrated trends in prescribing that could represent a partial displacement of antibiotic prescribing from in-hours to OOH primary care. The possibility that the trends we describe are evident nationally should be explored.
-
J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Sep 2016
Observational StudyAn observational study of the universal use of octenidine to decrease nosocomial bloodstream infections and MDR organisms.
To investigate the effect of universal decolonization with octenidine on the incidence of ICU-acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) and MDR organisms (MDRO). ⋯ System change was successful by decreasing infection rates in medical ICUs and improving the management in all ICUs.