The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Sep 2016
Increase in antibiotic prescriptions in out-of-hours primary care in contrast to in-hours primary care prescriptions: service evaluation in a population of 600 000 patients.
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and nature of antibiotic prescriptions issued by a primary care out-of-hours (OOH) service and compare time trends in prescriptions between OOH and in-hours primary care. ⋯ We have demonstrated trends in prescribing that could represent a partial displacement of antibiotic prescribing from in-hours to OOH primary care. The possibility that the trends we describe are evident nationally should be explored.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jul 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomized clinical trial comparing ritonavir-boosted lopinavir versus raltegravir each with tenofovir plus emtricitabine for post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection.
The objective of this study was to assess post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) non-completion at day 28, comparing two regimens. ⋯ Although we found no differences between arms regarding PEP non-completion, poor adherence and adverse events were significantly higher in patients allocated to tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine plus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. These data support the use of raltegravir as the preferred third drug in current PEP recommendations.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2016
Multicenter StudyPiperacillin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration: effect of type of dialysis membrane on dosing requirements.
This multicentre study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin in critically ill patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), to identify the sources of PK variability and evaluate different dosing regimens to develop recommendations based on clinical parameters. ⋯ Our results suggest that type of membrane and body weight should be considered for piperacillin dose titration in critically ill patients with MODS and CVVHDF requirement.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2016
Comparative StudyComparison of equal doses of continuous venovenous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration on ciprofloxacin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients.
Whilst commonly performed in ICUs, renal replacement therapies (RRTs) differ in their solute clearances. There is a paucity of data on ciprofloxacin clearances in different RRT techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin during equal doses of continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVHF) and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in septic patients. ⋯ The present study indicates a high pharmacokinetic variability of ciprofloxacin during CVVHF and CVVHDF with no significant differences in clearance apparent. Based on patient weight, higher ciprofloxacin dosing regimens should be used in critically ill patients when difficult-to-treat pathogens are suspected.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2016
Antimicrobial allergy 'labels' drive inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing: lessons for stewardship.
The presence of antimicrobial allergy designations ('labels') often substantially reduces prescribing options for affected patients, but the frequency, accuracy and impacts of such labels are unknown. ⋯ AALs are common and appear to be associated with higher rates of inappropriate prescribing and increased use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Improved accuracy in defining AALs is likely to be important for effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), with efforts to 'de-label' inappropriate AAL patients a worthwhile feature of future AMS initiatives.