The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jul 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialComparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.
Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia. Compliance could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed. We assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice or twice daily in those patients. ⋯ Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2014
Erm(41)-dependent inducible resistance to azithromycin and clarithromycin in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus.
The ribosomal methylase Erm(41) confers inducible resistance to macrolides in Mycobacterium abscessus. The aim of this work was to systematically study and compare drug susceptibility to clarithromycin and azithromycin in M. abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae clinical isolates with a particular focus on inducible drug resistance. ⋯ Our findings do not support the suggestion of a preferential use of azithromycin over clarithromycin in order to limit inducible macrolide resistance. Both compounds provoked a comparable resistance phenotype in M. abscessus. Caution is needed when using either azithromycin or clarithromycin for treatment of M. abscessus infections.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2014
Review Meta Analysisβ-Lactam/macrolide dual therapy versus β-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Several studies have compared the clinical effect of β-lactam/macrolide (BLM) dual therapy versus β-lactam (BL) monotherapy in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. However, the results remain controversial. Thus, we did this meta-analysis to determine which treatment was more effective. ⋯ In comparison with BL monotherapy, BLM dual therapy might reduce mortality risk in patients with CAP. Because this finding is based on observational studies, randomized controlled trials are required to demonstrate the usefulness of BLM dual therapy in the treatment of CAP.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2014
Meta AnalysisUnderstanding variability with voriconazole using a population pharmacokinetic approach: implications for optimal dosing.
Voriconazole exhibits highly variable, non-linear pharmacokinetics and is associated with a narrow therapeutic range. This study aimed to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in adults, including the effect of CYP2C19 genotype and drug-drug interactions. ⋯ Current dosing regimens for voriconazole result in subtherapeutic exposure in many patients without CYP2C19 LoF alleles, suggesting the need for higher doses, whereas these regimens result in supratherapeutic exposure in a high proportion of patients with reduced CYP2C19 activity. These findings support the essential role of therapeutic drug monitoring in ensuring efficacious and safe voriconazole exposure.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Jun 2014
Micafungin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic adequacy for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous haemofiltration.
To explore the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of micafungin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH). ⋯ There was no removal of micafungin by CVVH or need for dose adjustment, and there was optimal PK/PD coverage for non-parapsilosis Candida and equivalence of pre- and post-filter PD.