Journal of neuroscience research
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Comparative Study
Serotonin-activated alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibits neurite outgrowth and survival of embryonic sensory and cerebral cortical neurons.
Methylamine-modified alpha-2-macroglobulin (MA-alpha 2M) has been recently shown to inhibit the biological activity of beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) in promoting neurite outgrowth by embryonic dorsal root ganglia in culture (Koo PH, Liebl DJ, J Neurosci Res 31:678-692, 1992). The objectives of this study are to determine whether alpha 2M can also be modified by larger aromatic biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT; serotonin), the nature of interaction between NGF and 5HT-modified alpha-2-M (5HT-alpha 2M), and the effect of 5HT-alpha 2M on the neurite extension and the growth of embryonic sensory and cholinergic neurons in 2 disparate animal species (chicken and rats). This study demonstrates that each mole of alpha 2M can combine with 15.2 +/- 1.8 moles of 5HT, in which up to 4.5 +/- 0.4 moles may be covalently bonded. ⋯ Normal alpha 2M (at 1.0 microM) and 5HT (at 188 microM), on the other hand, under the identical conditions produce very little or no effect on the normal cellular and axonal growth of these cells. We conclude that alpha 2M can potentially interact with nucleophilic monoamines, including neurotransmitters, to form inhibitory complexes which may inhibit/regulate NGF-promoted neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. In addition, higher concentrations of such complexes can seriously damage certain CNS neurons which do not depend solely on NGF for survival.