The Orthopedic clinics of North America
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Neuromuscular scoliosis is classified as a neuropathic or myopathic type. Cerebral palsy is the most common form of neuropathic type, and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy best characterizes the principles and recommended treatment for the myopathic type. Nonoperative measures rarely fully control a progressive scoliosis. Careful preoperative planning and surgery can achieve a well-balanced spine over a level pelvis with a good functional result.
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Orthop. Clin. North Am. · Jul 1999
ReviewManagement of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the pediatric and adolescent population.
Spondylolysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis are diagnoses that, for most patients, have a benign prognosis and can be managed nonoperatively. For most symptomatic patients for whom this management fails, fusion in situ yields satisfactory and lasting results and remains the gold standard against which other surgical treatment must be compared. ⋯ Reduction maneuvers are technically demanding and carry significant risk of neurologic injury. Surgical experience and in-depth understanding of the indications, the complications, and, especially, the limitations of each technique are required.