Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Jan 1990
Use of snuff, chewing tobacco, and cigarettes among adolescents in a tobacco-producing area.
This study describes the prevalence and patterns of smokeless tobacco and cigarette use among adolescents with a specific focus on those living in a high tobacco production area. The subjects were 582 male and 485 female students in grades 7 through 12, with 54% living in a rural (nonmetro) area and the remainder living in an urban (metro) area. Self-reports of tobacco usage were validated using biochemical tests. ⋯ Some other results were: (1) use of snuff was more popular than chewing tobacco, (2) the average grade for initiation to tobacco was the fourth grade for nonmetro students and the fifth grade for metro students, and (3) a large number of male smokeless users also reported cigarette use. Students from tobacco-raising households are at high risk for tobacco use. Future research should focus on effective prevention methods for high-risk students.
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In previous studies a 32-item Opiate Withdrawal Scale was found to provide a reliable and valid means of measuring the signs and symptoms of withdrawal among heroin (and other opiate) addicts. This paper describes the processes whereby a shorter 10-item version of the same scale was developed. The Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) is simple to understand and easy to administer, and it avoids the redundancy of items contained in the original scale. It is suggested that the SOWS provide a useful instrument which can be used both in research and clinical practice with opiate addicts.
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Addictive behaviors · Jan 1990
Adolescents' first and most recent use situations of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes: similarities and differences.
This study compared first and most recent use situations of adolescent smokeless tobacco experimenters with those of adolescent cigarette experimenters. Structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with 320 seventh and tenth grade youths in 16 Southern California schools. Students were categorized as nonusers (those who had never experimented with any tobacco product), minimal experimenters (those who had experimented with smokeless tobacco or cigarettes between 1 and 9 times), and persistent experimenters (those who had experimented with smokeless tobacco or cigarettes 10 or more times). ⋯ The most important differences between the two groups are highlighted. In particular, smokeless tobacco users seemed less concerned about negative social consequences of use than cigarette smokers. In addition, nonusers' observations of use and implications for prevention and cessation are discussed.