Addictive behaviors
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Addictive behaviors · Jan 2021
E-cigarette, combustible, and smokeless tobacco product use combinations among youth in the united states, 2014-2019.
Youth e-cigarette use has been rising, however U.S. prevalence data are generally reported without disaggregating by individuals' use of other tobacco products. It is not clear how the proportion of youth e-cigarette users naïve to all combustible tobacco is changing. ⋯ Use of only e-cigarettes among US youth with no history of combustible tobacco use has increased substantially over time, even as combustible tobacco use continues to decline. Of the 17.5% (95% CI: 15.7, 19.0) of HS students who currently used only e-cigarettes (but not other tobacco) in 2019, more than half have no history of combustible tobacco use.
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Addictive behaviors · Dec 2020
Factors associated with readiness to quit smoking among young adults enrolled in a Facebook-based tobacco and alcohol intervention study.
Young adults who smoke cigarettes often report heavy episodic drinking (HED) and co-use of other psychoactive substances which may complicate efforts to quit cigarette smoking. The current study examined factors associated with readiness to quit cigarette smoking among young adults who smoke and engage in HED. ⋯ Findings indicate that readiness to quit cigarette smoking among young adults who drink is positively associated with importance to reduce alcohol use, but not with use patterns or levels of dependence. Interventions addressing polysubstance use may be better suited to help young adults reduce or quit cigarette smoking once they signal readiness for behavior change.
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Addictive behaviors · Dec 2020
Effectiveness of micro-induction approaches to buprenorphine initiation: A systematic review protocol.
Buprenorphine is first-line opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder. Standard regimens require that patients be in opioid withdrawal prior to induction, which is a barrier for many. Micro-induction is a novel induction approach that does not require patients to be in withdrawal. Our primary objective is to synthesize available evidence on the effectiveness of micro-inductions on patient and clinical outcomes compared to standard dosing or other approaches, or evaluated without a comparator group. Secondary objectives are to synthesize evidence on clinical factors that influence micro-induction effectiveness, and to summarize micro-induction regimens described in the literature. ⋯ Our review will include the most up-to-date available data on buprenorphine micro-inductions. We anticipate limitations relating to study heterogeneity and quality. We will disseminate study results widely to inform updated guidelines for opioid agonist therapy prescribers.
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Addictive behaviors · Aug 2020
The influence of neuroticism in terms of E-cigarette dependence and beliefs about use and quitting among dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes.
Dual use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing in prevalence and may be related to an increased risk for health problems. Accordingly, dual users represent a particularly vulnerable group. Neuroticism is an individual difference factor that demonstrates robust relations to combustible cigarette use. Yet, no work has examined neuroticism in relation to e-cigarette dependence or cognitions among dual users. ⋯ These novel findings suggest there may be merit in further exploring the role of neuroticism in the maintenance of concurrent combustible cigarette and e-cigarette use.
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Addictive behaviors · Aug 2020
Regular cannabis use is associated with blunted affective, but not cardiovascular, stress responses.
To examine the potential impact of regular cannabis use on cardiovascular and subjective responses to acute stress. ⋯ Chronic cannabis use is associated with blunted positive and negative (stress, anxiety) affective responses to acute stress, indicating emotional dysregulation in this population.