The New England journal of medicine
-
Case Reports
Acute myeloblastic leukemia and hypercalcemia. A case of probable ectopic parathyroid hormone production.
We studied a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and inappropriately elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels to define the mechanism of the hypercalcemia. On six occasions during two years, hypercalcemia occurred in conjunction with relapses of leukmia. Each time, serum calcium decreased to normal levels in parallel with reduction of the leukemic mass. ⋯ In addition, hormone was detected in vitro after short-term incubation of the leukemic cells (after 24 hours, the patient's cells produced 129 pg of PTH per milliliter, whereas myeloblasts from a normocalcemic patient with leukemia produced only 33 pg). In freeze-thawing experiments, 39 pg of parathyroid hormone was released form 1 x 108 of the patient's myeloblasts; no hormone was released from the normocalcemia cells. These findings suggest that the hypercalcemia resulted from ectopic parathyroid hormone production by leukemic cells.
-
To investigate the nature of non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, we examined neoplastic cells from eight American patients for receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E), complement (EAC), and Fc fragment of lgG (igGEA), and for surface immunoglobulins (Slg) and hydrolytic enzymes. In addition, we reviewed 47 biopsies and 17 autopsies from American patients to ascertain patterns of involvement by tumor in lymph nodes, spleens and Peyer's patches. Neoplastic cells in all cases studies bore monoclonal surface immunoglobulins of the igM class. ⋯ Little or no hydrolytic enzyme activity was demonstrable. These results indicate that, like Burkitt's lymphoma in Africans, this histologically identical tumor in American patients consists of B lymphocytes. In 10 biopsies and two autopsies, germinal centers were selectively involved by tumor, suggesting that these neoplastic cells may be related to some B lymphocytes of normal germinal centers.
-
A task force of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare conducted a survey aimed at estimating the incidence of research-related injuries, with a view to determining the feasibility of compensating subjects injured during research. The data were obtained by telephone from 331 investigators conducting research on nearly 133,000 human subjects over the past three years. ⋯ Of the 4957 reported injuries, 3926 were classified as trivial, and 974 as temporarily disabling; of 57 injuries resulting in death or permanent disability, one disabling stroke, not clearly related to the research, occurred three days after a non-therapeutic procedure; the rest resulted from treatments expected to benefit the patients directly, usually cancer chemotherapy. The data suggest that the risks of participation in nontherapeutic research may be of no greater than those of everyday life, and in therapeutic research, no greater than those of treatment in other settings.