The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women.
Background. The effectiveness of calcium in retarding bone loss in older postmenopausal women is unclear. Earlier work suggested that the women who were most likely to benefit from calcium supplementation were those with low calcium intakes. ⋯ Conclusions. Healthy older postmenopausal women with a daily calcium intake of less than 400 mg can significantly reduce bone loss by increasing their calcium intake to 800 mg per day. At the dose we tested, supplementation with calcium citrate malate was more effective than supplementation with calcium carbonate.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A clinical trial of beta carotene to prevent basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers of the skin. The Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group.
Beta carotene has been associated with a decreased risk of human cancer in many studies employing dietary questionnaires or blood measurements, and it has had protective effects in some animal models of carcinogenesis. ⋯ In persons with a previous nonmelanoma skin cancer, treatment with beta carotene does not reduce the occurrence of new skin cancers over a five-year period of treatment and observation.
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The use of cocaine, especially one of its alkaloidal forms ("crack"), has been increasingly associated with cerebrovascular disease. To clarify the clinical, radiologic, and pathological features of the events associated with cocaine use, we identified 28 patients at four medical centers who had stroke temporally related to the use of alkaloidal cocaine (during or within 72 hours of use). ⋯ There is a strong temporal association of the use of alkaloidal cocaine with both ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular events. Cocaine-related stroke probably has many causes. A thorough history focusing on the use of cocaine and toxicologic screening of urine and serum should be part of the evaluation of any young patient with a stroke.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in bone marrow transplantation.
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infection are major complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Since intravenous immunoglobulin has shown benefit in several immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders, we studied its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory role after marrow transplantation. ⋯ Passive immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin decreases the risk of acute GVHD, associated interstitial pneumonia, and infections after bone marrow transplantation.