The New England journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The efficacy of a Salmonella typhi Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children.
Typhoid fever is common in developing countries. The licensed typhoid vaccines confer only about 70 percent immunity, do not protect young children, and are not used for routine vaccination. A newly devised conjugate of the capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi, Vi, bound to nontoxic recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (rEPA), has enhanced immunogenicity in adults and in children 5 to 14 years old and has elicited a booster response in children 2 to 4 years old. ⋯ The Vi-rEPA conjugate typhoid vaccine is safe and immunogenic and has more than 90 percent efficacy in children two to five years old. The antibody responses and the efficacy suggest that this vaccine should be at least as protective in persons who are more than five years old.
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Multicenter Study Retracted Publication
DNA content as a prognostic marker in patients with oral leukoplakia.
Oral leukoplakia may develop into squamous-cell carcinoma, which has a poor prognosis. Risk factors for oral carcinoma have been identified, but there are no reliable predictors of the outcome in individual patients with oral leukoplakia. ⋯ The DNA content in cells of oral leukoplakia can be used to predict the risk of oral carcinoma.